Tonic water

Description of Method. Quinine is an alkaloid used in treating malaria (it also is found in tonic water). It is a strongly fluorescent compound in dilute solutions of H2SO4 (f = 0.55). The excitation spectrum of quinine shows two absorption bands at 250 nm and 350 nm, and the emission spectrum shows a single emission band at 450 nm. Quinine is rapidly excreted from the body in urine and is easily determined by fluorescence following its extraction from the urine sample. 

Discussion. This determination is an ideal experiment with which to gain experience in quantitative fluorimetry. It can be employed particularly for the determination of the amount of quinine in samples of tonic water. 

To determine the quinine content of tonic water it is first necessary to de-gas the sample either by leaving the bottle open to the atmosphere for a prolonged period or by stirring it vigorously in a beaker for several minutes. Take 12.5 mL of the de-gassed tonic water and make up to 25 mL in a graduated flask with 0.1M sulphuric acid. From this solution prepare other dilutions with 0.05M... 

Gin sort of has an aromatic floral edge to it, and they complement that nicely, Mr. Stuart said. The secret, I would say—and the surprise—is the touch of grenadine, which mellows the gin and makes it palatable to a gin novice. Tonic water and club soda in tandem give the Bombardier a light sparkle. 

Shake the gin and elderflower syrup with ice and strain onto fresh ice in a Collins glass. Top off with tonic water and garnish with basil leaf. 

C12-0004. Tonic water contains 31 ppm by mass of quinine (C20 H24 O2 N2). Calculate the mole fraction of quinine in tonic water. 

C12-0005. Determine the molarity and molality of quinine in the tonic water described in Section Exercise, assuming that the density of tonic water is 1.00 g/mL. 

Why does adding Nad to a cell alter the emf, but adding tonic water doesn t ... 

Sodium chloride - table salt - is a strong ionic electrolyte because it dissociates fully when dissolved in water (see the discussion of weak and strong acids in Section 6.2). The only electrolytes in tonic water are sugar (which is not ionic) and sodium carbonate, which is a weak electrolyte, so very few ions are formed by adding the tonic water to a cell. 

The dynamic range of the fluorescence experiment is related to a number of factors but it can be orders of magnitude. It is possible, for example, to determine quinine in water from nanomolar to millimolar concentration by direct measurement. Quinine fluorescence is familiar to most people that have noticed the blue glow of quinine tonic water in sunlight. 

Acids and bases are extremely common substances, as are their reactions with each other. At the macroscopic level, acids taste sour (that is, lemon juice) and react with bases to yield salts. Bases taste bitter (that is, tonic water) and react with acids to form salts. 

The characteristic taste of tonic water is due to the addition of quinine. Quinine is a naturally occurring compound that is also used to treat malaria. The base dissociation constant, Kb, for quinine is 3.3 x 10 . Calculate [OH ] and the pH of a 1.7 x 10 mol/L solution of quinine. 

A researcher drank one liter of a beverage containing about one-third gin, two-thirds tonic water, and a few milliliters of lime juice. When asked if he would like a refill, he replied yes, but he requested that his host leave out the lime juice because it was making his speech slur and his eyes lose focus. Comment. Suggest an experimental design that might provide the researcher with better information. 

Low concentrations of quinine in water (about 80 mg/L) have a sharp, bitter taste that some people find attractive. The first known such drink was lemonade, sold in New Orleans in 1843. The best known commercial product, Schweppes Indian Tonic Water, a carbonated, sweetened quinine solution is often used to dilute the juniper flavoured (due to NPs) gin to produce the very popular drink Gin and Tonic. 

Despite being a wonder drug against malaria, quinine in therapeutic doses can cause various side-effects, e.g. nausea, vomiting and cinchonism, and in some patients pulmonary oedema. It may also cause paralysis if accidentally injected into a nerve. An overdose of quinine may have fatal consequences. Non-medicinal uses of quinine include its uses as a flavouring agent in tonic water and bitter lemon. 

M.10 The bitter-tasting compound quinine is a component of tonic water and is used as a protection against malaria. When a sample of mass 0.487 g was burned, 1.321 g of carbon dioxide, 0.325 g of water, and 0.0421 g of nitrogen were produced. The molar mass. of quinine is 324 g-mol-1. Determine the empirical and molecular formulas of quinine. 

In addition to reserved descriptions for these products, the 1964 regulations also defined minimum levels for carbohydrates and imposed various compositional constraints. It is perhaps noteworthy that at the time of writing, the only compositional constraint that is legally imposed in the United Kingdom is that for a quinine content (milligrams/litre) to enable a product to be described as Indian Tonic Water . 

The presence of food in the stomach and intestine delay the absorption. The nature of the drink can also influence the amount of alcohol absorbed and how quickly it is absorbed. With fizzy drinks, like champagne and spirits mixed with fizzy soft drinks such as tonic water, the alcohol is absorbed more rapidly. With neat spirits, more alcohol is exhaled before it is absorbed from the mouth and throat, and the amount absorbed will often be less. 

Fixed eruptions are eruptions that recur at the same site, often circumoral, with each administration of the drug e.g. phenolphthalein (laxative self-medication), sulphonamides, quinine (in tonic water), tetracycline, barbiturates, naproxen, nifedipine. 

Cinchona species (Rubiaceae) are sources of quinine and quinidine, containing a quinoline nucleus and derived through the extensive elaboration of strictosidine (Fig. 42). The intriguing history of the antimalarial quinine and its role in world politics over the past 350 years are legendary. It is frequently the only antimalarial drug to which patients are not resistant. Its widest use, however, is in the beverage industry in tonic water. Quinidine, an isomer of quinine, is used to treat cardiac arrythmias. 

Thrombocjhopenia is often reported with quinine. It is probably due to hjrpersusceptibility rather than a toxic effect, since even the ingestion of minimal amounts of quinine, such as those present in commercial tonic waters, can cause it. A drug-antibody complex has been... 

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