Toluidine blue O

FIGURE 3.5 Electron microphotographs of Bacillus cereus cells before (A) and after (B) photodynamic treatment with Toluidine Blue O (20 pg/ml). Illumination with red light (660 nm, 7.6 mW/cm ) for 1 h (Brovko et ai, 2005). 

Gil-Thomas, J., Tubby, S., Parkin, I. P., Narband, N., Dekker, L., Nair, S. P., Wilson, M., and Street, C. (2007). Lethal photosensitisation of Staphylococcus aureus using toluidine blue O-tiopronin-gold nanoparticle conjugate. /. Miater. Chem. 17(35), 3739-3746. 

Sahu, K., Bansal, H., Mukherjee, C., Sharma, M., and Gupta, P. K. (2009). Atomic force microscopic study on morphological alternations induced by photodjmamic action of Toluidine Blue O in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.. Photochem. Photohiol. B Biol. 96(1), 9-16. 

Toluidine blue O stains walls containing lignin blue-green and unlignified walls pink-purple. See Figure E3.1.I, panels A to C. 

Dissolve 0.25 g benzoic acid and 0.29 g sodium benzoate in 200 ml water. Add 0.1 g toluidine blue O and stir (Feder and O Brien, 1968). Filter through an glass microfiber filter. Store up to several months at room temperature. Discard if a precipitate forms. 

Presumably because of the relatively high content of phenolic amino acids, products based on milk are strongly autofluorescent when viewed after either 360 nm or 490 nm wavelength excitation. Methods for fluorescence reduction such as prior staining with Toluidine Blue O or Evan s Blue can be employed, especially on sectioned material where artifactual collapse of the emulsion which is caused by the charged nature of the dye, is not an issue [22],... 

Toluidine Blue O is dissolved in a buffer with a pH between 4 and 8, or in 70% ethanol or in a 0.05% (w/v) borax solution and kept at 4°C. The specimen is stained for 1-10 min. washed for 1-2 min. in distilled water, or in the buffer used to dissolve the Toluidine Blue O, or in ethanol until all excess stain is removed. When the specimen is viewed under the microscope, different cell components produce colors different colors (metachromasia) DNA is bluish-green, RNA is violet, the middle lamella is red, non-lignified cell walls are red-violet or blue-violet, and polymerized phenolics such as lignin are green or blusih-green. This stain is therefore of general use. 

Common Name Dimethyltoluthionine chloride Blutene chloride Toluidine blue O... 

Fig. 3. Panel 2 Light micrographs of A. fumigatus-iniected rat lung tissue stained with toluidine blue-O from (A and B) sham-treated controls and (C and D) animals treated with 0.625 mg/kg of 1.-733,560 (reproduced with permission from Kurtz et al., 1995).

A (NBA), toluidine blue O (TB), and methylene blue (MB NBA, TB, and MB. AU spectra were obtained upon excitation with a 633 nm laser (Adapted with permission from Ref. [28], [d-e]. Copyright 2009, American Chemical Society)... 

Gorton et al. reported carbon paste electrodes based on Toluidine Blue O (TBO)-methacrylate co-polymers or ethylenediamine polymer derivative and NAD" " with yeast alcohol dehydrogenase for the analysis of ethanol [152,153] and with D-lactate dehydrogenase for the analysis of D-lactic acid [154]. Use of electrodes prepared with dye-modified polymeric electron transfer systems and NAD+/NADH to detect vitamin K and pyruvic acid has also been reported by Okamoto et al. [153]. Although these sensors showed acceptable performances, insensitivity to ambient oxygen concentration, sensor stability and lifetime still need to be improved to obtain optimal dehydrogenase based enzyme biosensors. 

C.l. 52040) is a dye used as a diagnostic agent, toluidine blue O toluidine blue, tolycaine (ban. inn] is an amide series local anaesthetic which has been used mainly in dentistry, tomelukast [inn. usan] is a tetrazole derivative, a LEUKOTRIENE receptor ANTAGONIST with BRONCHODILATOR and ANTIASTHMATIC properties. 

The antibacterial activity of two novel compounds, phenothiazinium new methylene blue N and phenoxazinium brilliant cresyl blue, was investigated [124]. It was found that the two compounds exhibited their bactericidal activity at lower concentrations when compared to the well-established phenothiaziniums, such as methylene blue and toluidine blue O, as well as a recently synthesized blood photovirucidal agent of 1,9-dimethyl-methylene blue. The photoactivity of these compounds was undiminished in the presence of red blood cells [ 124],... 

For LM and TEM, the treated apical meristems were fixed frozen in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.2 at 4°C overnight. Control unfrozen samples were also fixed in the same way. For TEM, tissues were postfixed in 1% OSO4 in water for 2 h, dehydrated in a graded ethanol-acetone series and embedded in low-viscosity Spurr s resin. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate followed by lead citrate and examined in a Zeiss EM109T transmission electron microscope. For LM, sections were stained with Sudan Black B (Sigma S 2380 Cl 26150) and Toluidine blue O (Sigma T 3260 Cl 52040). 

S-naphthoyl-toluidine blue O, and 4-[2-(2-naphthoyl)vinyl]catechol) used to modify carbon surfaces for the mediation of NADH oxidation. Each dye molecule has an aromatic substituent attached in order to promote adsorption onto the basal plane regions of graphite through tt-tt interaction. The examples are taken from [30, 31, 33, 34]. 

Clear, colorless, stable, isotonic solns of purified leuco toluidine blue O are prepd by reducing toluidine blue O with sodium hydrosulfite at pH 2.5-3.5, see B. March, E. E. MooreU.S, pat. 2,571,593 (1951 to Abbott). 

Rajendran V, Csdregi E, Okamoto Y et al. Amperometric peroxide sensor based on horseradish peroxidase and toluidine blue O-acrylamide polymer in carbon paste. Analytica Chimica Acta 1998 373 241-251. 

Make 0.5% toluidine blue O (Fluka, Polysciences) in 10% ethanol as a stock. 

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