Amino acids phenols

Botanically speaking, citrus is a hesperidium, a berry with a leathery aromatic rind and a fleshy interior divided into sections. As shown by the cross section shown in Fig. 6.1, the exo carp or peel consists of an outer layer called the flavedo which contains oil glands and pigments and a white spongy inner layer called the albedo. The fleshy interior or endocarp of the fruit consists of wedge-shaped sections (segments) filled with multiple fluid-filled sacs or vesicles. These juice sacs constitute the edible portion of a citrus fruit. The cytoplasm contents provide the primary source of the citrus juice. The juice consists primarily of water, sugars, pectins, lipids, terpenes, amino acids, phenolics, carotenoids and minerals. 

Phenol is produced through both natural and anthropogenic processes. It is naturally occurring in some foods, human and animal wastes, and decomposing organic material, and is produced endogenously in the gut from the metabolism of aromatic amino acids. Phenol has been isolated from coal tar, but it is now synthetically manufactured (EPA, 2002). Currently, the largest use of phenol is as an intermediate in the production of phenolic resins, which are used in the plywood, adhesive, construction, automotive, and appliance industries. Phenol is also used in the production of synthetic fibers such as nylon and for epoxy resin precursors such as bisphenol-A. 

Nepenthes raffsiana Masilus Zhu Long Cao (Pitcher plant) (root, stem) Flavonoids, anthraquinoids, amino acids, phenols.57 As a poultice to treat stomachache and dysentery. Internally to treat remittent fever. 

Wine peptides are normally analyzed after a preparation step allowing their separation from the high MW components, mainly proteins and polysaccharides. This is achieved by ultrafiltration on membranes with appropriate cut-off and/or by gel filtration (e.g. on Sephadex LH-20 or G-10 gels) (Desportes et al., 2000 Moreno-Arribas et al., 1996 and 1998) of concentrated samples. This allows the isolation of one or more peptide fractions by removing the interfering compounds with different MW, such as salts, amino acids, phenols, organic acids and sugars. 

Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide (1). Mol. wt. 203.44, b.p. 71-73735 mm. Prepared in 80% yield by reaction of acetamide with trimethylchlorosilane with triethylamine as catalyst, the reagent effects trimethylsilyUuion of amides, ureas, amino acids, phenols, carboxylic acids, enols. ... 

Dissolved organic species have been known to exist in sedimentary basin formation waters since before the turn of the century (5.6.71. A host of aqueous organic species have been identified in sedimentary formation waters including hydrocarbons, mono-, di- and tri-carboxylic acid anions, keto and hydroxy-acids, amino acids, phenols, cresols, and hydroxybenzoic acids (8.9.10.11.121. 

Amino acids Phenol-H20 (160 g 40 ml) n-butanol-pyridine-H20 (1 1 1) n-butanol-acetic acid-H20 (12 3 5) 91... 

Dansyl chloride Amino acids, phenols amines, peptides Fluorimetry (ex,340 em,510)... 

Compounds that may be determined by nonaqueous titrimetry include amines, amino acids, phenols, and Schiff s bases. Carbonyl compounds (by oxidation and titration of the released H ) can also be determined. Such titrations are especially useful in the pharmaceutical industry. 

Polyamide 6 and 11 layers have surface amide groups and show high affinity and selectivity for solutes that can form hydrogen bonds (e.g., amino acids, phenols, carboxylic acids). However, depending on the type of analyte and the nature of the mobile phase, three separation mechanisms can operate with polyamide adsorption, partition, and ion exchange. This has led to separations of compounds from a wide array of chemical classes. 

Malonic acid labeled with carbon-14 at C2 or at Cl,3 and the corresponding mono- and diesters have become important and highly versatile building blocks for the synthesis of a broad range of labeled compounds, such a,/3-unsaturated acids and esters, cycloalkanes, 8-keto esters, a-amino acids, phenols, dihydropyridines/pyridines, pyrimidines and quinolines. In addition, they are widely used as acetic acid synthons ( CH2COOR CHCOOR) for the extension of carbon chains of alkyl, allyl and benzyl halides as well as of saturated and a,)8-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. This Section discusses aU malonates, wherever labeled, and unlabeled malonates used with carbon-14-labeled reaction partners. However, it is the [2- " C]malonates that have been most often used in radiochemical synthesis. 

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