Peroxide sensor

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE SENSOR WITH ADVANCED ANALYTICAL PERFORMANCES... 

Lobnik A., Cajlakovic M., Sol-gel based optical sensor for continuous determination of dissolved hydrogen peroxide, Sensors Actuators B 2001 74 194-199. 

Preuschoff F., Spohn U., Blankenstein G., Mohr G., Kula M.R., Chemiluminometric hydrogen peroxide sensor for flow injection analysis, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1993 346 924-929. 

E.A. Puganova and A.A. Karyakin, New materials based on nanostructured Prussian blue for development of hydrogen peroxide sensors. Sens. Actuators B chem. 109, 167-170 (2005). 

R. Garjonyte and A. Malinauskas, Operational stability of amperometric hydrogen peroxide sensors, based on ferrous and copper hexacyanoferrates. Sens. Actuators, B B56, 93—97 (1999). 

C.H. Lei and J.Q. Deng, Hydrogen peroxide sensor based on coimmobilized methylene green and horseradish peroxidase in the same montonorillonite-modified bovine serum albumin-glutaraldehyde matrix on a glassy carbon electrode surface. Anal. Chem. 68, 3344—3349 (1996). 

Y. Xiao, H.X. Ju, and H.Y. Chen, Hydrogen peroxide sensor based on horseradish peroxidase-labeled Au colloids immobilized on gold electrode surface by cysteamine monolayer. Anal. Chim. Acta. 391,... 

J.D. Zhang and M. Oyama, A hydrogen peroxide sensor based on the peroxidase activity of haemoglobin immobilized on gold nanoparticles-modified ITO electrode. Electrochim. Acta 50, 85-90 (2004). 

Peroxide concentration peroxide sensor, i.e. iodometry, electrodes... 

Wang, L., et al., A novel hydrogen peroxide sensor based on Ag nanoparticles etectrodeposited on chitosan-graphene oxide/cysteamine-modified gold electrode. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 2012.16(4) p. 1693-1700. 

There are two major problems encountered with this approach. First is the selfinhibition caused by the hydrogen peroxide this has been mentioned before. It is less acute in this case than in the hydrogen peroxide sensor because the catalase substantially eliminates any excess of H2O2. The second problem is encountered when the electrode is used in vivo. The tissue or blood concentration of oxygen, which is the cosubstrate, is low and at high glucose concentrations the current becomes limited by the availability of oxygen. 

The aimed use of the FIA principle in the hydrogen peroxide sensor system is similar. More specifically, the aim of this part of the research was to verify whether the following approach could lead to the desired result. A constant flow of a bleaching solution (flow) is mixed with a constant flow of a solution with a known sodium hydroxide concentration (injection). This concentration depends on the final pH of the process solution to be established and is chosen in such a way that, after homogenising the two liquid... 

Scheme of the detection cell of the hydrogen peroxide sensor expanded with the FIA system. The inner chamber has a 20-cm length and a 1-cm diameter (1) working electrode, (2) reference electrode, (3) counter electrode, (4) combined glass electrode, and (5) temperature sensor, surface of the working electrode equals 7 mm2. 

Fig. 24.2. Operational stability of hydrogen peroxide sensors (PB-modified sensors). Applied potential —50mV vs. int. ref. Continuous monitoring of current in continuous flow mode (10 pi min-1). Arrows indicate where solution of hydrogen peroxide was renewed, (a) Two sensors tested with 10-4 and 2 x 10-4moll-1 of hydrogen peroxide, (b) Six months old sensor tested with a solution of 2 x 10-4moll-1 of hydrogen peroxide. Reprinted from Ref. [59] with permission from Elsevier.

A. Malinauskas, R. Araminaite, G. Mickeviciute and R. Garjonyte, Evaluation of operational stability of Prussian blue and cobalt hexacyanofer-rate-based amperometric hydrogen peroxide sensors for biosensing application, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 24 (2004) 513-519. 

Preparation of Prussian blue-modified screen-printed electrodes via a chemical deposition for mass production of stable hydrogen peroxide sensors... 

Florseradish peroxidase (HRP) has also been used in sol-gel electrochemical systems. In the presence of a mediator [hexacyanoferrate(II) or ferrocene], sol-gel-entrapped HRP was used as a peroxide sensor [212]. Chuit et al. used this system in a sandwich configuration to achieve good sensitivity [213],... 

The reaction of peroxide with ferrous heme iron is the basis of electrocatalytic peroxide sensors. A selection that gives a representative overview of the biomolecules and transducers is included in Table 2.5. Peroxidase, catalase, haemoglobin, cytochrome c, microperoxidase and hemin can all be explored for peroxide measurement. Most papers on DET-based biosensor are related to peroxide detection in a variety of environments with peroxidases. 

A selection of third generation peroxide sensors and their parameters... 

The use of peroxide sensors has been extended to the sensing of glucose, lactate, alcohol, oxalate, glutamate and other amino acids by coimmobilization of the respective oxidase on top of the peroxidase [7,8,228,229], and furthermore, to afl nity-based assays [130,131,217,273]. An octane sensor was created by layering a porphyrin type P450-mimics on a screen-printed HRP-modified carbon electrode (Fig. 2.13) [106]. The biomimetic catalyst (iron(III)-meso-tetrakis-(pentafluorophenyl)-p-tetrasulfonatopor-phyrin chloride) was linked to the electrode with polyallylamine on the basis... 

The factors that affect the performance of H2O2 biosensor are (i) the type of enzyme, (ii) the immol sation method, and (iii) the thickness of the created enzyme layer. Immobilisation processes are quite an important Eictor for the development of biosensors. This step has been smdied extensively, in order to achieve easy operation, quick measurement and reduce the cost of the analysis. The methods of enzymes immobilisation used for the development of hydrogen peroxide sensors can be divided into five major groups (Fig. 3) ... 

Karyakin and Karyakina have developed a hydrogen peroxide sensor, based on Prussian Blue deposited on glassy carbon electrodes. Prussian Blue was considered an artificial peroxidase due to its high catalytic activity and selectivity, which could be compared with biocatalysis. The application of Prussian Blue modified electrodes enabled the sensing of H2O2 at around 0 V vs. SCE. The electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2 in the presence of O2 was found to be better for Prussian Blue deposited on glassy carbon electrodes than for platinum covered electrodes. Furthermore, these electrodes were more stable and active and less expensive than the platinum and peroxidase modified electrodes. The response was linear up to 0.1-100 pM and the detection limit found to be 10 M. 

Qian J, Liu Y, Liu H et al. Characterization of regenerated silk fibroin membrane for immobilisation of peroxidase and construction of an amperometric hydrogen peroxide sensor employing phenazine methosulphate as electron shuttle. J Electroanal Chem 1995 397 157-162. 

Rajendran V, Csdregi E, Okamoto Y et al. Amperometric peroxide sensor based on horseradish peroxidase and toluidine blue O-acrylamide polymer in carbon paste. Analytica Chimica Acta 1998 373 241-251. 

T. Zhang, R. Yuan, Y. Chai, W. Li, and S. Ling, A novel nonenz3fmatic hydrogen peroxide sensor based on a polypyrrole nanowire-copper nanocomposite modified gold electrode, Sensors, 8, 5141-5152 (2008). 

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