Tobacco workers

Ballard, T., ]. Ehlers, E. Freund, M. Auslander, V. Brandt, and W. Halperin. Green tobacco sickness occupational nicotine poisoning in tobacco workers. Arch Environ Health 1995 50(5) 384-389. 

Aspergillus species Tobacco mold Tobacco worker s lung... 

G32. Guthrie, F. E., Tappan, W. B., Jackson, M. D., Smith, F. D., Krieger, H. G., and Ghasson, A. L., Gholinesterase levels of cigar-wrapper tobacco workers exposed to parathion. Arch. Environ. Health 25, 32-37 (1972). 

Thirty-seven tobacco workers from Brazil exposed to OP insecticides were clinically evaluated after a 3-momh application season, and some (25/37) were. subsequently evaluated 3 months after the cessation of pesticide use (Salvi et ai, 2003). At the time of the first evaluation, all subjects had been exposed to OP pesticides within 24 hr. None (0/37) had a history of acute intoxication within the past year. Significant extrapyramidal signs and symptoms were present in 12 patients. Although extrapyramidal signs improved during the no-exposure period, 10 patients still exhibited some motor difficulties after removal from pesticide exposure. 

A Study of 103 tobacco workers on 50 family farm units found that the OP, metamidophos, WHO Toxicity Class Ib (highly hazardous) was used on 96% of farms and was always applied using a knapsack sprayer 46% of the knapsack sprayers observed in use were leaking. A third of the workers had two or more symptoms consistent with pesticide poisoning. 

Since phosphine is used to kill insects and rodents in stored grain and tobacco, workers who use this product may be expo.sed to it. People who live near where it is being used may also breathe in small amounts of it. 

Radar workers, automotive workers, paper product workers, plastic heat-sealing workers, rubber-product workers, textile workers, tobacco workers, electronics workers, advertising sign workers... 

Sources of human exposure to formaldehyde are engine exhaust, tobacco smoke, natural gas, fossil fuels, waste incineration, and oil refineries (129). It is found as a natural component in fmits, vegetables, meats, and fish and is a normal body metaboHte (130,131). FaciUties that manufacture or consume formaldehyde must control workers exposure in accordance with the following workplace exposure limits in ppm action level, 0.5 TWA, 0.75 STEL, 2 (132). In other environments such as residences, offices, and schools, levels may reach 0.1 ppm HCHO due to use of particle board and urea—formaldehyde foam insulation in constmction. 

France tobacco related workers diagnosis, hospital,... 

Singh and co-workers (19876) found that tobacco cells selected to tolerate 500 mM NaCl when exposed to salt stress responded by synthesising... 

Following chronic occupational exposure to 0.19-0.75 ppm hydrogen cyanide, 24-hour urinary levels of thiocyanate were 6.23 (smokers) and 5.4 pg/mL (nonsmokers) in exposed workers as compared with 3.2 (smokers) and 2.15 pg/mL (nonsmokers) in the controls (Chandra et al. 1980). This study demonstrates that tobacco smoking contributes to higher thiocyanate levels excreted in the urine. No studies were located regarding excretion of cyanide in animals after inhalation exposure to cyanide. 

Levels of cyanide and its metabolite thiocyanate in blood serum and plasma, urine, and saliva have been used as indicators of cyanide exposure in humans, particularly in workers at risk of occupational exposures, in smokers or nonsmokers exposed to sidestream or environmental tobacco smoke, in populations exposed to high dietary levels of cyanide, and in other populations with potentially high exposures (see Section 5.6). The correlation between increased cyanide exposure and urinary thiocyanate levels was demonstrated in workers exposed to 6.4-10.3 ppm cyanide in air (El Ghawabi et al. 1975). In another study, blood cyanide concentrations were found to vary from 0.54 to 28.4 pg/100 mL in workers exposed to approximately 0.2-0.8 ppm cyanide in air, and from 0.0 to 14.0 pg/100 mL in control workers... 

Tobacco smoke and iV-nitrosation are the focus of intense research activity. Workers in the field use the following concepts Tobacco-specific /V-nitrosamines (TSNA) mainstream tobacco smoke (MSTS), smoke inhaled in a puff sidestream tobacco smoke (SSTS), smoke evolved by smoldering cigarettes between puffs nitroso organic compounds (NOC), referring especially to IV-nitrosamines volatile NOC (VNOC) and iV-nitroso amino acids (NAA). 

Tobacco plants accumulate radon from the soil. Uranium from the phosphate fertilizer used on the plants is also another source of radiation. Small amounts of lead-210 are spread on the tobacco leaves. Thus, smokers are exposed to levels of radiation that is about 1,000 times higher than the radiation exposure of workers in nuclear power plants. 

Hammond SK (1999) Exposure of U.S. workers to environmental tobacco smoke. Environ Health Perspect 107 329-340... 

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