Tobacco mosaic virus model

Pseudomonas aeruginosa membrane protein F Epitope display on tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco leaf Elicited specific antibodies against 7 immuno-type strains. Immunogenic in mice when delivered parenterally. Mice protected when challenged with model chronic pulmonary infection with P. aeruginosa. 20... 

This theory clearly predicts that the shape of the polymer length distribution curve determines the shape of the time course of depolymerization. For example Kristofferson et al. (1980) were able to show that apparent first-order depolymerization kinetics arise from length distributions which are nearly exponential. It should also be noted that the above theory helps one to gain a better feeling for the time course of cytoskeleton or mitotic apparatus disassembly upon cooling cells to temperatures which destabilize microtubules and effect unidirectional depolymerization. Likewise, the linear depolymerization kinetic model could be applied to the disassembly of bacterial flagella, muscle and nonmuscle F-actin, tobacco mosaic virus, hemoglobin S fibers, and other linear polymers to elucidate important rate parameters and to test the sufficiency of the end-wise depolymerization assumption in such cases. 

TTtree regimes emerge from the model, where monomers, nonhelical polymers, and helical polymers dominate. These regimes that have indeed been observed experimentally in a variety of systems, such as for those molecules depicted in Figure 6 and tobacco mosaic virus (Kegel and van der Schoot, 2006). 

Creager, Angela N. H. 2002. The Life of a Virus Tobacco Mosaic Virus as an Experimental Model, 1930-1965. Chicago University of Chicago Press. 

Both X-ray and neutron fiber diffraction (as well as electron microscopy) techniques have been applied to filamentous viruses, for which the prospect of three-dimensional crystals is poor. By combining neutron and X-ray fiber diffraction, NMR, circular dichroism, and Raman and infrared spectroscopies, an atomic model for the filamentous bacteriophage Pfl has been derived (Liu and Day, 1994). Other studies concerning Pfl have relied on purely X-ray fiber diffraction data, together with molecular modeling, to provide detailed filament structures (Pederson et at, 2001 Welsh et at, 1998a,b, 2000). Eiber diffraction was also used to solve the structure of the rodlike helical tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), where all of the coat protein and three genomic nucleotides... 

The tobacco mosaic virus was selected as model for complex assemblies involving biopolymers. AFM in selected media helps to clarify the structure of such assemblies under different conditions and eventually may allow one to study details of the biological function in situ. 

Fig. 3 a. Plot of the ratio (t) — ris)/(ri0 — /s) versus the shear rate k (sec-1). The solid triangles are the data of Wada (73 a) for tobacco mosaic virus in water at a concentration of 1.14 grams per liter. The solid curve is a plot of Eq. (6.7) for the rigid dumbbell model with the time constant A chosen to be 1 sec., which represents... 

In this section, we treat a simple but important model—the rigid rod (Pecora, 1964, 1968). This model illustrates the conditions under which rotational motions of rigid, nonspherical molecules affect the isotropic spectral distributions. It is also of great practical importance, since it is applicable to a wide variety of real macromolecules such as fibrous proteins, helical polypeptides, and some viruses (e.g., tobacco mosaic virus). 

Other anisometric viruses have rod-like helical or cylindrical structures, such as tobacco mosaic virus [495,496,509,533] or alfalfa mosaic virus [551,561,562]. Thus cross-sectional parameters can be determined using / xs Q) Q q->o addition to Rq d I 0) data [537,550]. Stuhrmann plots of the / xs data lead to information on the cross-sectional distribution of protein and RNA. Shell models for the cross-section can likewise be made by analogy with the isometric viruses [550,561,562]. The radial scattering density of the cross-section can be calculated by applying the Hankel transformation to the scattering curve [509]. 

Certain macromolecular species are modeled more accurately as a cylinder rather than an ellipsoid. Examples include short DNA fragments and rodlike viruses such as tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Extensive theoretical studies of the hydrodynamic properties of cylindrical particles have been carried out. These have been recently reviewed by Ortega and de la Torre [2003], who have extended prior calculations using the bead-shell model to short cylinders and disks. Eor long cylinders of length L and cross-sectional diameter d, and hence axial ratio J=Lid, such analysis leads to... 

Lebeurier, G. Nicolaieff, A. Richards, K.E. Inside-out model for self-assembly of tobacco mosaic virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1977. 74, 139. 

Tobacco is an important economic crop and a model plant for research. Many reports reveal that CTS can induce tobacco s resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), tobacco necrosis virus (TNV), and Phytophthora parasitica nicotianae. For example. Falcon studied the effect of different sizes and deacetylation degrees of chitosan derivatives on tobacco protection against P. parasitica (Falcon et al. 2008). The result of their experiment showed that different chitosans have distinct effects on this disease control though less acetylated chitosan are better for inhibition of P. parasitica... 

Furthermore, Grossman and Soane [66] have studied the effect of molecular orientation on the electrophoretic mobility of a macro ion in free solution (the tobacco mosaic virus was a model) by using the capillary zone electrophoresis technique. 

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