Homworm, tobacco

Other food lures which have had practical use ia trapping insect pests include isoamyl saUcylate [87-20-7] for moths of the tomato and tobacco homworms, Manduca spp. heptyl butyrate [5870-93-0] for stinging yeUowjackets, Vespula spp. and l-octene-3-ol [3391-86-4] for the bloodsucking tsetse dies, Glossina spp. 

Methyl (2 6 .10 -10 1 l-epoxy-3 7,ll-trimethyltridecadienoate (the juvenile hormone of the tobacco homworm)... 

Martel, R.R. and Law, J.H., Purification and properties of an ommochrome-binding protein from the hemolymph of the tobacco homworm, Manduca sexta, J. Biol. Chem., 266, 21392, 1991. 

Tobacco homworms (Manduca sexta) from a field sprayed with 840 mg diazinon/ha contained no detectable residues of diazoxon. Only one sample, collected about 4 h after spraying, exceeded 1.0 mg diazinon/kg body weight. No diazinon residues in these insects were detectable after 18 days. 

Surface lipids of many insects contain esters of long-chain (as long as 66 carbon atoms) alcohols and long-chain acids.142 On the other hand, waxes of the tobacco homworm consist largely of 11- and 12-oxo derivatives of a C28 alcohol, which may be esterif ied to short-chain acids.142 A major hydrocarbon of cockroaches is 6,9-heptacosadiene.81... 

One of the insect neurohormones, the activation hormone, controls the secretion of the corpora allata, paired glands that synthesize the juvenile hormone (Fig. 22-4) in insect larvae. While the structure of the juvenile hormone varies somewhat with species, it is usually a polyprenyl ester. A specific binding protein provides the hormone with protection from degrada-tive enzymes. However, in the tobacco homworm an esterase, able to hydrolyze the protein-bound juvenile hormone, is produced at the start of pupal differentiation.354 The exact mechanism of action of juvenile hormones has been difficult to determine. However, it affects polyamine synthesis.355 356... 

E,Z)-10,12-hexadecadienal CH3CH2CH2CH=CHCH=CH(CH2)8CHO tobacco homworm, Manduca sexta... 

Fang N., Teal P. E. A., Doolittle R. E. and Tumlinson J. H. (1995a) Biosynthesis of conjugated olefinic systems in the sex pheromone gland of female tobacco homworm moths, Manduca sexta (L.). Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 25, 39 18. 

Gyorgyi T. K., Roby-Shemkovitz A. J. and Lemer M. R. (1988) Characterization and cDNA cloning of the pheromone-binding protein from the tobacco homworm, Manduca sexta a tissue-specific developmentally regulated protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 9851-9855. 

Nelson, D. R. and Sukkestad, D. R. (1970). Normal and branched aliphatic hydrocarbons from the eggs of the tobacco homworm. Biochem., 9, 4601 1611. 

Bell, R. A., Nelson, D.R., Borg, T.K. and Cardwell, D.L. (1975). Wax secretion in non-diapausing and diapausing pupae of the tobacco homworm, Manduca sexta. 

G. J. (1990). Long-chain and very long-chain methyl-branched alcohols and their acetate esters in pupae of the tobacco homworm, Manduca sexta. Insect Biochem., 20, 809-819. 

BARBOSA, P., GROSS, P., KEMPER, J., Influence of plant allelochemicals on the tobacco homworm and its parasitoid Cotesia congregata. Ecology, 1991, 72, 1567-1575. 

As can be seen from Table I a substantial number of alkaloids display significant insect toxicity, including nicotine, pipeline, lupine alkaloids, caffeine, gramine, strychnine, berberine, ephedrine, and steroidal alkaloids. Only the specialists can tolerate the respective alkaloids. The tobacco homworm (Manduca sexto), for example, can grow on a diet with more than 1% nicotine without any adverse effects. Most of the nicotine is either degraded or directly eliminated via the Malpighian tubules and in feces 182). Because nicotine binds to the acetylcholine (ACH) receptor, it is likely that in Manduca this receptor has been modified in such a way that ACH can still bind, but not nicotine (so-called target site modification). 

The pupation factor, discovered by Kopec (1.21 was subsequently demonstrated in the commercial silkworm, Bornbyx mori, and eventually isolated and sequenced (see review by Kataoka et al., this volume). It is now known as the prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH), and it exists as a family of neuropeptides with two molecular mass ranges in B. mori (small, ca. 4 kD and large, ca. 22 kD). The small forms have recently been named "bombyxins" C. Anotiier lepidopteran, the tobacco homworm, Manduca sexta, has received considerable attention in the isolation, mode of action, and cellular localization of PTTH (10-141 Studies with... 

To investigate food preferences by insects or other herbivores, such as deer (Rautio et al. 2008), and the compounds responsible for their choices, these compounds can be added to their diet and tested in feeding bioassays. Here we will add a mixture of phenolic compounds, known as tannic acid, to the diet of homworm caterpillars. The tobacco homworm, Manduca sexta, normally feeds on Solanaceae such as tomato or potato plants. For more on the natural history of this insect, consult the information sheet prepared by the biological supply company that ships these caterpillars. 

Tobacco homworm caterpillars, from a biological supply house... 

You will be provided with caterpillars of the tobacco homworm. They have been food deprived for 2-3 h and should be hungry. 

Leaf disk test A caterpillar of the tobacco homworm faces a choice of four leaf disks in a Petri dish. The leaf disks are treated with different concentrations of tannic acid ... 

Ouye and Butt 32) have recently shown that a stable sex attractant for males can be extracted from copulating pairs of pink boUworm moths [Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders)], with ether or methylene chloride, and Allen and coworkers ) have reported the extraction of a potent sex attractant from the abdomens of female tobacco homworm moths [Protoparce sexta (Johannson) ] with these same solvents. The chemical nature of these attractants as well as that of the southern armyworm moth [Prodenta eridania (Cramer) ] is at present under investigation in U. S. Department of Agriculture laboratories. 

BR Thomas, M Yonekura, TD Morgan, TH Czapla, TL Hopkins, KJ Kramer. A trypsin-solubilized laccase from pharate pupal integument of the tobacco homworm, Manduca sexta. Insect Bio chem 19 611-622, 1989. 

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