Title IV - Acid Rain

This Title required a 10 million ton per year reduction in SO2 emissions from power plants, including those in refineries, with a goal of capping SO2 emissions at about 8.9 million tons per year by 2000. Sources were given allowances based on previous emission reductions and past energy use. Each allowance is worth 1 ton per year of SO2 and can be bought, sold, traded or banked to offset future emissions violations. Title IV also required a 2 million ton per year reduction in NOx emissions from power plants. 

To measure SOx and NOx, continuous monitors are required. Opacity meters are required to measure PM, such as that emitted by FCC regenerators. 

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Title IV (Acid Rain) and Title VI (Stratospheric Ozone) Considerations.1490... 

The Title IV (Acid Rain) Permit (http //epa.gov/air/caa/title4.html)... 

This book provides Information about the Clean Air Act and includes topics such as required pollution control technology, requirements for nonattainment areas, the Title IV acid rain program, the Title V permitting program, and other related topics. 

Federal Register under the Title IV acid rain program IS). The final rule includes annual NO emission limitations of 0.50 Ib/mmBtu for dry bottom wall-fired boilers and 0.45 Ib/mmBtu for tangentially fired boilers. 

Title I - Non-Attainment Title II - Mobile Sources Title III - Air Toxics Title IV - Acid Rain Title V - Operating Permits... 

Title IV Acid Deposition Control Acid rain occurs when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions are transformed in the atmosphere and return to the earth in rain, fog or snow. Approximately 20 million tons of SOj are emitted annually in the United States, mostly from the burning of fossil fuels by electric utilities. Acid... 

Title IV of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 calls for a 10 million ton reduction in annual emissions of sulfur dioxide (S02) in the United Stales by the year 2010, which represents an approximately 40 percent reduction in anthropogenic emissions from 1980 levels, Implementation of Title IV is referred to as the Acid Rain Program the primary motivation for this section of the Clean Air Act Amendments is to reduce acid precipitation and dry deposition. To achieve these reductions, the law requires a two-phase tightening of the restrictions placed on fossil-fuel-lired power plants. 

The environmental, health, and cultural impacts of acid rain were well documented in the late 20th century. Acid rain results from combustion of the sulfur and nitrogen contents of fossil fuels. Sulfur and nitrogen oxides combine with atmospheric water to form acids. The prevalence of mobile (e.g., automotive and aircraft) sources globally hints at the requirement for control of Title IV compounds and precursors. 

Under Title IV, facilities must document and report annually regarding the aggregate amount of acid-rain precursors in the form of SO2 and NOx Determination of these amounts are traditionally handled by stack testing, with the emissions factor subsequently calculated in units of pound of species emissions per pound of fuel combusted, per hour of operation, or other. Title IV thresholds are subject to penalty when exceeded. Additionally, in the case of violation, the ERA can enforce a mandatory emissions reduction in the subsequent year to offset the excess emission value. 

NO RACT Relation to Title IV. All existing major stationary sources of NO, including coal-fired utility boilers, which are located in nonattainment areas must meet the NO RACT and, if applicable, attainment demonstration requirements of Title I. In addition, coal-fired utility boilers must meet the NO, requirements of section 407 under the acid rain program in Title IV of the Act. Utilities should plan to meet the most stringent requirements applicable under the Act. 

Acid rain. Title IV provisions estabhshed a new set of requirements, primarily on coal-fired power plants, designed to cut emissions of SO2 in half and to reduce emissions of NO. The amendments also provided market-driven mechanisms to facihtate achievement with the acid rain requirements. 

The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 built upon the SO2 control requirements of 1977 by expanding the clean air provisions in the revised Title L adding acid rain provisions, and capping SO2 emissions at 8.9 million tons of SO2 in the new Title IV. 

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