Title II - Mobile Sources

The mobile sources section of the 1990 CAA amendments promulgated regulations for automobiles, trucks, and other moving vehicles. It included the following sections  

Emission Standards. Full-useful-life emission standards for gasoline-powered vehicles are shown in Table 6. Tier I limits for automobiles were phased in between 1994 and 1996. Tier II standards are based on California s 

LEV II program (LEV = low-emission vehicles). The Tier II phase-in began in January 2004. By 2009, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), minivans, and pickup trucks have to meet the same emission standards as automobiles. For the first time, vehicles and fuels are treated as a single system. Tier II allows vehicle manufacturers to certify a mix of vehicles ( fleet ) if average NOx emissions for the fleet are less than 0.07 grams/mile (Bin 5). Tier II bins differ mainly in allowed NOx emissions. To obtain alternative motor vehicle credits, such as those described in the Energy Policy Act of 2004, ° hybrid and alternative-fuel vehicles must meet or exceed Tier II, Bin 5 emission standards. 

Reformulated Gasoline. Reformulated gasoline (RFG) is designed to reduce CO, air toxics, and VOC. Adding oxygen compounds lowers CO emissions, limiting benzene reduces air toxics, and controlling volatihty limits VOC emissions. Table 7 lists the RFG specification that took effect in 1995. 

Oxygen can be added as ethanol, MTBE (methyl t-butyl ether), ETBE (ethyl t-butyl ether), or TAME (t-amyl methyl ether). 

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Title I - Non-Attainment Title II - Mobile Sources Title III - Air Toxics Title IV - Acid Rain Title V - Operating Permits... 

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