Titanium sulfur compounds

U.S. consumption of, 24 847-848 world production of, 24 860, 861t Titanium subsulfide, 25 57 Titanium sulfates, 25 58-59 Titanium sulfides, 25 57-58 Titanium sulfinates, 25 119—120 Titanium sulfur compounds, 25 57-59... 

Details of the properties and structure have not yet been released (97). The structure of the titanium-sulfur compound is shown in Fig. 5b. 

Kato, S., Hirano, Y., Iwata, M., Sano, T., Takeuchi, K. and Matsuzawa, S. (2005) Photocatalytic degradation of gaseous sulfur compounds by silver-deposited titanium dioxide. Applied Catalysis B Environmental, 57, 109-115. 

However, Natta, Pasquon, Zambelli and Gatti (63) have shown that titanium trichloride-dialkylaluminum chloride or titanium trichloride and alkylaluminum dichloride with nucleophilic materials are good catalysts for the polymerization of propylene to the isotactic structure. The titanium trichloride could also be made in situ from titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum. Vesely, Ambroz, Vilin and Hamrik (64) showed the addition of the nucleophilic materials to diethylaluminumchloride-titanium trichloride polymerizations decreased the rate of polymerization and changed the stereospecificity. The more nucleophilic materials such as sulfur compounds were more effective than the less nucleophilic oxygen materials. 

Butyl hypochlorite, 55 of phenols to quinones Benzoyl /-butyl nitroxide, 28 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-l, 4-benzoqui-none, 104 Periodic acid, 238 of phosphorus compounds Dimethyldioxirane, 120 of selenium compounds Potassium permanganate, 258 of sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones /-Butyl hydroperoxide-Dialkyl tar-trate-Titanium(IV) isopropoxide, 51 ra-Chloroperbenzoic acid, 76, 112 Dimethyldioxirane, 120 of thiols to sulfur compounds Trimethylsilyl chlorochromate, 327... 

Organocopper reagents, 207 Organovanadium reagents, 219 By desilylation of vinylsilanes Tetrabutylammonium fluoride, 286 By desulfurization of vinyl sulfides and related sulfur compounds Sodium dithionite, 281 Elimination reactions By dehalogenation Dichlorobis(cyclopentadienyl)-titanium, 102... 

Other metals, such as copper, nickel, or silver, have been used as electrode materials in connection with specific applications, such as the detection of amino acids or carbohydrates in alkaline media (copper and nickel) and cyanide or sulfur compounds (silver). Unlike platinum or gold electrodes, these electrodes offer a stable response for carbohydrates at constant potentials, through the formation of high-valence oxyhydroxide species formed in situ on the surface and believed to act as redox mediators (40,41). Bismuth film electrodes (preplated or in situ plated ones) have been shown to be an attractive alternative to mercury films used for stripping voltammetry of trace metals (42,43). Alloy electrodes (e.g., platinum-ruthenium, nickel-titanium) are also being used for addressing adsorption or corrosion effects of one of their components. The bifunctional catalytic mechanism of alloy electrodes (such as Pt-Ru or Pt-Sn ones) has been particularly useful for fuel cell applications (44). 

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES incompatible with strong acids, sulfur, Ni(NOj)2, wood and other combustibles reacts violently with titanium, ammonium nitrate, potassium perchlorate, potassium, performic acid, fluorine, selenium, sulfur, and sulfur compounds, hydrazine, ammonia, and hydrazoic acid... 

Bonchio, M., Calloni, S., Di Furia, R, et al. (1997). Titanium(IV)-(R,R,R)-Tris(2-Phenylethoxyjamine-AUcylperoxo Complex Mediated Oxidations The Biphilic Nature of the Oxygen Transfer to Organic Sulfur Compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 119, pp. 6935-6936. 

Strippers may or may not have accumulators on both the overhead and bottoms. These vessels will be constructed of a high alloy, as this is the "sourest" part of the unit (i.e., containing the highest amount of sulfur compounds). Titanium and Series 400 stainless steels are not uncommon. These vessels will have some type of lining such as gunite, so extreme care must be taken before these vessels are chemically cleaned. 

Make acid yields coumaUc acid when treated with fuming sulfuric acid (19). Similar treatment of malic acid in the presence of phenol and substituted phenols is a facile method of synthesi2ing coumarins that are substituted in the aromatic nucleus (20,21) (see Coumarin). Similar reactions take place with thiophenol and substituted thiophenols, yielding, among other compounds, a red dye (22) (see Dyes and dye intermediates). Oxidation of an aqueous solution of malic acid with hydrogen peroxide (qv) cataly2ed by ferrous ions yields oxalacetic acid (23). If this oxidation is performed in the presence of chromium, ferric, or titanium ions, or mixtures of these, the product is tartaric acid (24). Chlorals react with malic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid or other acidic catalysts to produce 4-ketodioxolones (25,26). 

Laser isotope separation techniques have been demonstrated for many elements, including hydrogen, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sHicon, sulfur, chlorine, titanium, selenium, bromine, molybdenum, barium, osmium, mercury, and some of the rare-earth elements. The most significant separation involves uranium, separating uranium-235 [15117-96-1], from uranium-238 [7440-61-1], (see Uranium and uranium compounds). The... 

Analytical and Test Methods. o-Nitrotoluene can be analyzed for purity and isomer content by infrared spectroscopy with an accuracy of about 1%. -Nitrotoluene content can be estimated by the decomposition of the isomeric toluene diazonium chlorides because the ortho and meta isomers decompose more readily than the para isomer. A colorimetric method for determining the content of the various isomers is based on the color which forms when the mononitrotoluenes are dissolved in sulfuric acid (45). From the absorption of the sulfuric acid solution at 436 and 305 nm, the ortho and para isomer content can be deterrnined, and the meta isomer can be obtained by difference. However, this and other colorimetric methods are subject to possible interferences from other aromatic nitro compounds. A titrimetric method, based on the reduction of the nitro group with titanium(III) sulfate or chloride, can be used to determine mononitrotoluenes (32). Chromatographic methods, eg, gas chromatography or high pressure Hquid chromatography, are well suited for the deterrnination of mononitrotoluenes as well as its individual isomers. Freezing points are used commonly as indicators of purity of the various isomers. 

Paints. Paints account for perhaps 3% of sulfur consumption (see Paint). The main sulfur use is for the production of titanium dioxide pigment by the sulfate process. Sulfuric acid reacts with ilmenite or titanium slag and the sulfur remains as a ferrous sulfate waste product. Difficulties with this process have led to the development of the chloride process (see Pigments, inorganic Titanium compounds). 

Addition compounds form with those organics that contain a donor atom, eg, ketonic oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Thus, adducts form with amides, amines, and A/-heterocycles, as well as acid chlorides and ethers. Addition compounds also form with a number of inorganic compounds, eg, POCl (6,120). In many cases, the addition compounds are dimeric, eg, with ethyl acetate, in titanium tetrachloride-rich systems. By using ammonia, a series of amidodichlorides, Ti(NH2) Cl4, is formed (133). 

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