Titanium n-butoxide

Alkoxides (titanium ethoxide, titanium n-propoxide, titanium n-butoxide, titanium sec-butoxide, titanium ethylhexoxide, aluminum sec-butoxide, zirconium n-propoxide, and their mixtures), typically 3 ml, sonicated with propylene carbonate, typically 17 ml, for 20-30 to form uniformly turbid emulsions. Immediate addition of water (10 mol excess) hydrolyzed the alkoxides. Precipitated oxide powders washed (in a Soxhlet extractor) with THF or 2-propanol for 21-30 h, dried, calcinated... 

Solution chemistry precursor solvent nitric acid content water content precursor concentration temperature Titanium n-butoxide (Ti(C4H90)4) methanol 0.125 mol/mol of precursor 4 mol/mol of precursor 0.625 mmol/mL of methanol room temperature Zirconium n-propoxide (Zr(CjH70)4) n-propanol 0.83 mol/mol of precursor 2 mol/mol of precursor 1.0 mmol/mL of n-propanol room temperature... 

From Butoxide, Multistep Recipe from [2671] A dispersion of silica in alcohol was mixed with titanium n-butoxide (0.0091 M) and water (0.32 M). The mixture was refluxed and stirred for 1.5 h, and then washed with ethanol. This procedure was repeated several times. 

A carbobenzyloxy-L-alanine-titanium n-butoxide complex was adsorbed repeatedly to the hydroxylated surface of the electrode of the QCM by a surface sol-gel process in order to prepare ultrathin layers with molecular recognition sites [8],... 

Ti02 on titanium n-butoxide, Triton X-45/cyclohexane/water... 

Si02 titanium n-butoxide, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) photocatalyst 56... 

The catalytic performance of Fe-doped titania in the visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of toluene has been studied using in situ DRIFTS by Sun et al. [31] The mesoporous Fe-Ti02 photocatalysts were synthesized by a sol-gel method starting from titanium n-butoxide. Measurements were carried out in a photoreactor, which was irradiated with a 300 W Xe lamp equipped with a filter to cut the UV part of hght. For doping, 0.1% and 0.7% of Fe(II) nitrate were added. 

TiO -PP nanocomposite was prepared in-situ with the assistance of corotating twin screw extmder [68], Composite was prepared by the injection of 30 wt% of titanium n-butoxide precursor to achieve 9.3 wt% of Ti02, after hydrolysis-condensation reaction. The titanium n-butoxide-PP mixture was treated in hot water at 80°C for 72 h. During this time period, the following hydrolysis and condensation reactions occur in precursor, which leads to the formation of in-situ TiO -PP nanocomposites. 

The reverse microemulsion method along with the sol-gel method has been successfully used in the preparation of the so-called core-shell stmctures. One example is titania-coated silica particles (Eu and Qutubuddin, 2001). The protocol had two main steps (a) microemulsion synthesis of silica particles from TEOS, and (b) deposition of TiOa on silica particles by addition of a snrfactant solntion of titanium n-butoxide. The particle size was about 30-40 nm. 

Yu K, Zhao J, Guo Y, Ding X, Yanhua Liu HB, Wang Z. Sol-gel synthesis and hydrothermal processing of anatase nanocrystals from titanium n-butoxide. Mater Lett 2005 59 2515-2518. 

The synthesis of Ti-Si-TUD-1 is analogous to the silica version a portion of the reactant is a titanium alkoxide, such as titanium (IV) n-butoxide. One of the early comparative catalytic tests of TUD-1 versus MCM-41 was for cyclohexene epoxidation. 

Murugesan, S. Mark, J. E. Beaucage, G. Structure-Property Relationships for Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Networks In Situ Filled Using Titanium 2-Ethylhexoxide and Zirconium n-Butoxide. In Synthesis and Properties of Silicones and Silicone-Modified Materials-, Glarson, S. J., Fitzgerald, J. J., Owen, M. J., Smith, S. D., Van Dyke, M. E., Eds. ACS Symposium Series 838 American Chemical Society Washington,... 

The influence of temperature on the ortho effect has been evaluated in the alkaline hydrolysis in aqueous DMSO solutions of ortho-, meta- and para-substituted phenyl benzoates (26). The alcoholysis of phthalic anhydride (27) to monoalkyl phthalates (28) occurs through an A-2 mechanism via rate-determining attack of the alcohol on a carbonyl carbon of the anhydride (Scheme 4). Evidence adduced for this proposal included highly negative A 5 values and a p value of 4-2.1. In the same study, titanium tetra-n-butoxide and tri-n-butyltin ethanoxide were shown to act as effective catalysts of the half-ester formation from (27), the mechanism involving alkoxy ligand exchange at the metal as an initial step. ... 

Benzene solutions of titanium or zirconium n-butoxide. or ethoxide, were found to react with carbon dioxide in varying amounts, whereby CO2 is quickly absorbed at a pressure of only 1 atm and temperatures of 30 C. Only Zi(0Bu >4, reacts with CO2 in a 1 1 ratio, forming the organic carbonate Zr(OBu )3 (OiCOBu )- Contrary to this, Nb(OEt)5 absorbs CO only in a 1 0.6 ratio, showing that the equilibrium lies mainly towards the atkoxide [8.S]. 

The synthesis of Ti-Si-TUD-1 is similar to the silica version, but a portion of the reactant is a titanium alkoxide, such as titanium (IV) n-butoxide. The Si02/Ti02 ratio can be lO-oo, but a preferred ratio is about 50. The surface area can range from 400-1000 mVg, and the pore volume is 0.4-2.0 cc/g - slightly lower than the silica version. One of the early head-to-head catalytic tests of TUD-1 versus MCM-41 was for epoxidation using the titanosilica versions. The genesis of this concept was the extrapolation of epoxidation via TS-1, the titanosilicate isostructure of ZSM-5. 

CAS 5593-70-4 EINECS/ELINCS 227-006-8 Synonyms Butyl titanate Orthotitanate Orthotitanic acid tetrabutyl ester TBT Tetrabutyl orthotitanate monomer Tetra-n-butyl titanate Titanium (IV) butoxide Titanium butylate Titanium tetrabutoxide TNBT... 

Hardy et al. [177] dispersed Ti-2-ethylhexoxide and Ti-n-butoxide in propylene carbonate, form amide or acetonitrile by sonication the source of titanium was hydrolyzed to obtain particles several microns in size. A variety of non-ionic surfactants (Span, Tween and Brij families, HLB values varying in the range 3.7-16.9) were used to obtain emulsions. The uncalcined product was amorphous, but crystallized to anatase up to 600°C and rutile at 1000°C. 

Titanium tetra-n-butoxide j cuprous chloride jp-toluic acid a,p-Ethyleneoxo compds. ifrom 2-acetylenealcohols Meyer-Schuster rearrangement... 

Martin and Winter" also observed three-fold molecular complexity for titanium tetra-n-butoxide and the molecular weight was shown to be concentration dependent. The replacement of butoxy groups by the more electronegative chlorine atoms appears to affect the molecular complexity of tetra-n-butoxide considerably. Thus it has been observed that the trimeric titanium monochloride tributoxide does not... 

On the basis of the boiling points measured for various normal alkoxides at different pressures, Cullinane et al observed that the results do not conform to the relation, ogp = a — b/T (p is the pressure in mm at which boiling point T was observed and a and b are constants). However, the latent heats and entropies of vaporization and the Trouton constants indicate that titanium tetraethoxide exhibits anomalous behaviour, i.e. it shows a distinctly higher Trouton constant (42.5) than those observed for n-propoxide, n-butoxide, n-amyloxide, and n-hexyloxide (29.1, 35.6, 39.4, and 40.5, respectively). 

The reactions of metal alkoxides with halogens were investigated by Nesmeyanov et al. who observed that the reaction between titanium tetra-n-butoxide and chlorine or bromine yielded the dihalide dibutoxide coordinated with one mole of alcohol as TiX2(OBu)2.BuOH and n-butyl propionate. The reaction may be represented by... 

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