Titanium minerals ilmenite ores

A large portion of titanium minerals (ilmenite, rutile) are produced from heavy mineral sands using physical preconcentration methods including gravity, magnetic and electrostatic separation. Over the past 30 years, advances have been made using flotation, where ilmenite, mtile and perovskite can be effectively recovered from both heavy mineral sands and hard rock ores using flotation methods. 

Iron Titanates. Ferrous metatitanate [12168-52-4] FeTiO, mp ca 1470°C, density 472(0), an opaque black soHd having a metallic luster, occurs in nature as the mineral ilmenite. This ore is used extensively as a feedstock for the manufacture of titanium dioxide pigments. Artificial ilmenite may be made by heating a mixture of ferrous oxide and titanium oxide for several hours at 1200°C or by reducing a titanium dioxide/ferric oxide mixture at 450°C. 

The metallic element titanium (11) is relatively abundant in nature it accounts for 0.56% of the earth s crust. This number may not seem very impressive until you realize that it exceeds the combined abundances of ten familiar elements H, N, C, P, S, Cl, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn. The most important ore of titanium is ilmenite. a mineral commonly found as a deposit of black sand along beaches in the United States, Canada, Australia, and Norway. In ilmenite. titanium is chemically combined with iron and oxygen. The presence of iron makes the ore magnetic. 

The Sept lies ore contains economic quantities of apatite and ilmenite. About 6% of the titanium in this ore is represented by titanomagnetite. The major gangue minerals include feldspar, olivine, dolomite and aluminosilicate. This ore assayed 7.2% Ti02 and 4.25%... 

The most common mineral sources of titanium are ilmenite, rutile, and titanite. Titanium is also obtained from iron ore slags. Slag is an earthy material that floats to the top when iron is removed from iron ore. 

Although the mineral ilmenite contains more Iron than titanium, the ore is usually mined and processed for titanium, a strong, light, and flexible metal. A sample of Ilmenite Is found to contain 5.41 g iron, 4.64 g titanium, and 4.65 g oxygen. Determine the empirical formula for Ilmenite. 

There are two main processes for extracting titanium from the ores. In the first, ilmenite or titaniferous slag is attacked with sulfuric acid to form a solution of titanium. The titanium is separated as a hydrated titanium dioxide by a nucleation process which is treated to form titanium dioxide pigments. In the second process, the mineral is chlorinated in the presence of a reducing agent (usually coke) to form titanium tetrachloride. After purification by distillation, the titanium tetrachloride may be reduced with sodium or magnesium to... 

Titanium dioxide or titania is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium. It has a wide range of applications, from paint to sunscreen to food coloring. Titanium dioxide occurs in nature as the well-known minerals rutile, anatase and brookite. It is mainly sourced from ilmenite ore, which is the... 

In 2004, nearly 90% of the titanium minerals mined in the world today came either directly from igneous magnetite-ilmenite ore bodies associated with primary anorthosite complexes or secondary placer deposits derived from the weathering of these complexes. 

The metal is extracted commercially from the three chief ore minerals ilmenite, leucoxene, and rutile the first one is by far the most common despite being of the lowest grade in titanium content. Actually, ilmenite and hemoilmenite are ubiquitous minerals of mafic... 

Titanium Dioxide, Rutile n Ti02. Pigment White 6 (77891). A high-opacity, bright white pigment, nonchalking type, used as a prime pigment in paints, rubber, plastics. Prepared from the mineral, ilmenite, or rutile ore. Density, 3.9—4.2 g/cm (33-35 Ib/gal) O.A., 16-48 particle size, 0.2-0.3 (tm, refractive index, 2.76. Syn Titania. See also Anatase. 

It occurs in the minerals rutile, ilmenite, and sphene, and is present in titanates and in many iron ores. Titanium is present in the ash of coal, in plants, and in the human body. 

Titanium dioxide (E171, Cl white 6) is a white, opaque mineral occurring naturally in three main forms rutile, anatase, and brookite. More than 4 million tons of titanium dioxide are produced per year and it is widely used for industrial applications (paints, inks, plastics, textiles) and in small amounts as a food colorant. ° "° Production and properties — Titanium oxide is mainly produced from ilmenite, a titaniferous ore (FeTiOj). Rutile and anatase are relatively pure titanium dioxide (Ti02) forms. Titanium oxide pigment is produced via chloride or sulfate processes via the treatment of the titanium oxide ore with chlorine gas or sulfuric acid, followed by a series of purification steps. High-purity anatase is preferred for utilization in the food industry. It may be coated with small amounts of alumina or silica to improve technological properties. 

Titanium occurs in nature in the minerals rutile( Ti02), ilmenite (FeTiOs), geikielite, (MgTiOs) perovskite (CaTiOs) and titanite or sphene (CaTiSi04(0,0H,F)). It also is found in many iron ores. Abundance of titanium in the earth s crust is 0.565%. Titanium has been detected in moon rocks and meteorites. Titanium oxide has been detected in the spectra of M-type stars and interstellar space. 

In die chloride process, the feedstock must be high in titanium and low m iron. Mineral rutile (95% TiO ) is best suited, but leucoxene (65% Ti02) can be used. See also Brookite, An economical conversion of ilmenite for use as a chloride process feedstock has not been developed to date. The ore is mixed with coke and chlorinated at about 900°C in a fluidized bed. The principal product is titanium tetrachloride, but other impurities including iron also are chlorinated and thus must be removed by selective condensation and distillation. Up to this point, the process is... 

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