Titanium dioxide extenders

Many powdered raw materials, e.g. china clay, talc and calcium carbonate are natural products, coming from the soil and often contaminated with appreciable numbers of bacterial and fungal spores. Products heated to high temperatures during preparation, e.g. calcined kaolin clay used as a titanium dioxide extender, will generally be free from such contaminants. 

Zinc orthotitanate [12036-69-0], ZmTi04, a white solid having a density of 512(0) and a spinel structure, is obtained by heating the calculated amounts of the two oxides at 1000°C. Zinc orthotitanate forms a series of solid solutions with titanium dioxide, extending to the composition Zn2Ti04 1.5Ti02. These solid solutions begin to dissociate at 775°C with the formation of the rutile form of titanium dioxide. The properties of the rare-earth titanates and their electronic structure are available (117—119). 

Ilydrex [Huber]. (sodium magnesium aluminosilicate) TM for titanium dioxide extenders. 

Path. [Solem Industries] Titanium dioxide extender pigment... 

Polyndiile. [J.M. Huber] Titanium dioxide extender for paints. 

Ken-React NZ 12 Ken-React NZ 33 titanium dioxide extender, sik emulsion... 

Calcium carbonate is also used in industrial finishes and powder coatings. These paints typically include finer products the primary purpose is rheological and gloss control. Calcium carbonate is also used in paints to extend and enhance the use of titanium dioxide. This is accompHshed by using the finest of natural ground products or precipitated grades. 

The initial uses of colorants in plastics were as extenders and additives. Carbon black and titanium dioxide were and are stiU used as fillers (qv) because of their low cost. Almost from plastics inception the limitation of black and white did not offer sufficient color choices for end users looking to differentiate their products. The increase in aesthetic requirements along with different performance requirements and resin compatibiUties led to a great expansion in the number of different chemical classes of colorants and forms in which these colorants are available in today s market. 

The formulation of calcium chelate materials is based upon the formation of a low-solubiUty chelate between calcium hydroxide and a sahcylate. Dycal utilizes the reaction product of a polyhydric compound and sahcyhc acid. Other sahcyhc acid esters can be similarly used. Vehicles used to carry the calcium hydroxide, extenders, and fillers may include mineral oil, A/-ethyl- -toluenesulfonamide [80-39-7] and polymeric fluids. The filler additions may include titanium dioxide [13463-67-7] zinc oxide, sihca [7631-86-9], calcium sulfate, and barium sulfate [7727-43-7]. Zinc oxide and barium sulfate are useflil as x-ray opacifying agents to ensure a density greater than that of normal tooth stmcture. Resins, rosin, limed rosins, and modified rosins may serve as modifiers of the physical characteristics in both the unset and set states. 

The polysulfide base material contains 50—80% of the polyfunctional mercaptan, which is a clear, amber, sympy Hquid polymer with a viscosity at 25°C of 35, 000 Pa-s(= cP), an average mol wt of 4000, a pH range of 6—8, and a ntild, characteristic mercaptan odor. Fillers are added to extend, reinforce, harden, and color the base. They may iaclude siUca, calcium sulfate, ziac oxide, ziac sulfide [1314-98-3] alumina, titanium dioxide [13463-67-7] and calcium carbonate. The high shear strength of the Hquid polymer makes the compositions difficult to mix. The addition of limited amounts of diluents improves the mix without reduciag the set-mbber characteristics unduly, eg, dibutyl phthalate [84-74-2], tricresyl phosphate [1330-78-5], and tributyl citrate [77-94-1]. 

Fillers. They are generally added to reinforce NBR adhesives. However, fillers can be added to promote tack, to increase the storage life, to improve heat resistance or to reduce cost. The most common fillers are carbon blacks. Precipitated silica can be used in applications where black colour is not acceptable, but excessive amounts tend to reduce adhesion. Titanium dioxide can be used to impart whiteness, improves tack and extend storage life. 

House paint—lead-titanium-zinc extender in oil with 100% rutile titanium dioxide. 

Coil coating finishes—titanium extender in urea-alkyl with 75% rutile and 25% anatase titanium dioxide. 

Fortunately, the absence of such irreversible attachment to E-glass did not extend to other important substrates. Early work conducted with ATH (alumina trihydrate), calcium carbonate, and titanium dioxide demonstrated irreversible attachment to such substrates [2, 3], thereby laying the foundation for use in a diverse array of non-fiberglass applications. 

It appeared attractive to extend the work on emulsification of liquid-liquid systems by BG copolymers to solid-liquid systems. As a first approach a model system was studied which comprises titanium dioxide dispersed in toluene with modified styrene-butadiene block copolymers as dispersants. These studies are reported here. 

Tarka Trandolapril/ verapamil HC1 1 mg/240 mg 2mg/180mg 2 mg/240 mg 4 mg/240 mg Extended release tablet Hypertension ACE inhibitor Com starch, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, ethanol, HPC, HPMC, lactose, magnesium stearate, MCC, polyethylene glycol, povidone, purified water, silicon dioxide, sodium alginate, sodium stearyl fumarate, talc, sytnetic iron oxides, titanium dioxide Abbott Laboratories... 

Generally it is assumed, that TiIV cations at the surface of the titanium dioxide particle are reduced by the light induced electrons forming Tiin cations [11] which can be considered to be intrinsic surface states localised about 0.1 eV below the conduction band edge, i.e., within the bandgap [12]. An equilibrium between these trapped electrons and free electrons is assumed, but in an acidic medium nearly all electrons are trapped in surface states [11a]. On the basis of their laser flash photolysis measurements Hoffmann and co-workers have extended this mechanistic picture [13]. These authors assume that the CB electrons are trapped in two different Tim sites (reactions (7.4) and (7.5))... 

Monk-Irwin An unsuccessful predecessor of the Sulfate process for making titanium dioxide pigment from ilmenite. Invented by C.R. Whittemore at McGill University, Montreal, in the early 1920s and subsequently developed by J. Irwin and R.H. Monk in Canada and B. Laporte Limited in Luton, UK. Ilmenite from the deposit at Ivry, Quebec was reduced by heating with coke, leached with ferric chloride solution, and then roasted with a mixture of sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate. The resulting cake, containing titanyl sulfate, was dissolved in water and hydrolyzed, and the titania hydrate calcined. Some of the product was extended with barium sulfate. The project was abandoned in 1928. 

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