Titanium alloys compositions

R-phase, which serves as an intermediate phase to facilitate the transformation between martensite and austenite. Formation of the R-phase is reported to arise from the presence of dislocations and precipitates [11]. A substantial dislocation density is expected in the vwought nickel-titanium endodontic instruments and orthodontic wires, which are subjected to extensive mechanical deformation during manufacturing processes [12], Microstructural precipitates are a consequence of the inevitable deviation of the nickel-titanium alloy composition from the equi-atomic NiTi composition [13,14],... 

Reducing Acids. The corrosion resistance of titaniiun alloys in reducing add media is very sensitive to add concentration, temperature, backgroimd chemistry, and pmity of the add solution, in addition to titanium alloy composition. When the temperatme an or concentration of pure (uncontaminated) reducing add solutions exceed certain values, the protective oxide film of titanium may break down, which would residt in severe general corrosion. Included in this category are hydrochloric, sulfuric, hydrohromic, hydriodic, hydrofluoric, phosphoric, sulfamic, oxalic, and trichloroacetic adds. Because the performance of titanimn alloys in reducing... 

H. Hucek and M. Wahl, 1990 Handbook ofiInternational Alloy Compositions and Designations, Vol. 1, Titanium, MCIC HB-09, Metals and Ceramics Information Center, BatteUe Columbus Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio, 1990. 

Titanium alloy systems have been extensively studied. A single company evaluated over 3000 compositions in eight years (Rem-Cm sponsored work at BatteUe Memorial Institute). AHoy development has been aimed at elevated-temperature aerospace appHcations, strength for stmctural appHcations, biocompatibiHty, and corrosion resistance. The original effort has been in aerospace appHcations to replace nickel- and cobalt-base alloys in the 250—600°C range. The useful strength and corrosion-resistance temperature limit is ca 550°C. 

Titanium alloyed with niobium exhibits superconductivity, and a lack of electrical resistance below 10 K. Composition ranges from 25 to 50 wt % Ti. These alloys are P-phase alloys having superconducting transitional temperatures at ca 10 K. Thek use is of interest for power generation, propulsion devices, fusion research, and electronic devices (52). 

Aluminum drillpipe is generally made of 2014 type aluminum-copper alloy. Composition of this alloy is 0.50 to 1.20% silicon, 1.00% iron maximum, 3.90 to 5.0% copper, 0.40 to 1.20% manganese, 0.25% zinc maximum and 0.05% titanium. The alloy is heat treated to T6 conditions that represent 64 ksi tensile strength, 58 Ksi yield strength, 7% elongation and a Hbn of 135- Aluminum drillpipe generally comes with steel tool joints that are threaded on to ensure maximum strength that cannot be attained with aluminum joints. 

Figure 32 is a graph showing the composition of alloys deposited onto copper substrates as a function of Ti2+ concentration and current density in 66.7 m/o AICI3-NaCl [177], Alloys were deposited under a range of current densities for several Ti2+ concentrations. At low Ti2+ concentrations, the alloy composition is dependent upon the applied current density. An alloy having a titanium concentration of 25 a/o is deposited only at low current densities. As the current density is increased, the Ti partial current density becomes limited by the diffusion of Ti2+, and the Ti content of the alloy drops. At a Ti2+ concentration of 150 mmol L 1. the current density... 

Commercial alloys composition, nomenclature. A simple and general way of identification of a commercial alloy (or of a group of similar alloys) consists of a label which gives (as rounded values) the mass% contents of the main components indicated by their chemical symbols. The alloy, for instance, Ti-6A1-4V, is a titanium-based alloy typically containing 6 mass% aluminium and 4 mass% vanadium. 

Researchers have tried to fabricate plates using many different metals— mainly, stainless steel, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, nickel alloys, copper alloys, intermetallic alloys, and metal-based composites such as carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum alloys, carbon fiber reinforced copper alloys, etc. [26]. Although Ta, Hf, Nb, Zr, and Ti metals show good corrosion resistance and chemical stability [6], the cost of fhese metals is too high for them to be used as materials in metal plates. That is why relatively cheaper iron-based alloys, particularly stainless steel, have been popularly studied as plate material. In the following secfions, we will infroduce sfainless sfeel (SS) and SS plates, which have been extensively investigated and show promise for the final applications [6,11]. 

Yang, J.M., Jeng, S.M. and Yang, C.J. (1991). Fracture mechanisms of fiber reinforced titanium alloy matrbi composites. Part I. interfacial behaviour. Mater. Sci. Eng. AI38, 155-167. 

Metals such as aluminium, steel, and titanium are the primary adherends used for adhesively bonded structure. They are never bonded directly to a polymeric adhesive, however. A protective oxide, either naturally occurring or created on the metal surface either through a chemical etching or anodization technique is provided for corrosion protection. The resultant oxide has a morphology distinct from the bulk and a surface chemistry dependent on the conditions used to form the oxide 39). Studies on various aluminum alloy compositions show that while the oxide composition is invariant with bulk composition, the oxide surface contains chemical species that are characteristic of the base alloy and the anodization bath40 42). 

Alloy with Memory. In seeking a way to reduce the brittleness of titanium, U.S. Navy researchers serendipitously discovered a nickel-titanium alloy having an amazing memory. Previously cooled clamps made of the alloy (nitinol) are flexible and can be placed easily in position. When warmed to a given temperature, the alloy hardware then exerts tremendous pressure. Use of conventional clamps for holding bundles of wires or cables in a ship or aircraft structure requires special tools. For this and other applications in industry and medicine, nitinol has been in demand. The alloy, however, is not easy to produce because only minor variations in composition can affect the snap back" temperature by several degrees of temperature. 

Metals and ceramics (claylike materials) are also used as matrices in advanced composites. In most cases, metal matrix composites consist of aluminum, magnesium, copper, or titanium alloys of these metals or intermetallic compounds, such as TiAl and NiAl. The reinforcement is usually a ceramic material such as boron carbide (B4C), silicon carbide (SiC), aluminum oxide (A1203), aluminum nitride (AlN), or boron nitride (BN). Metals have also been used as reinforcements in metal matrices. For example, the physical characteristics of some types of steel have been improved by the addition of aluminum fibers. The reinforcement is usually added in the form of particles, whiskers, plates, or fibers. 

Alloy composition, interstitial oxygen, nitrogen and carbon in titanium SCC of a and ot-fi alloys Methanolic halide solutions Hot salt SCC... 

HDPE, composite materials such as epoxy-glass fiber and epoxy-carbon fiber, and laminate structures such as polymer films on bulk metal substrates. Thin-conductive film heaters were made of electrically conductive paints, electrically conductive polymer films, metal foils (stainless-steel, copper, titanium, and titanium alloys), and thin metal films sputtered on a ceramics or glass. The samples dimensions varied from a few centimeters to 5m. 

An operating temperature of conventional titanium alloys is limited by 300 - 500 °C. The known Ti-based composites possess high strength under... 

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