Titanium composites

Naphthaleneamine. 1-Naphthylamine or a-naphth5iamine/7i5 -i2- can be made from 1-nitronaphthalene by reduction with iron—dilute HCl, or by catalytic hydrogenation it is purified by distillation and the content of 2-naphthylamine can be reduced as low as 8—10 ppm. Electroreduction of 1-nitronaphthalene to 1-naphthylamine using titania—titanium composite electrode has been described (43). Photoinduced reduction of 1-nitronaphthalene on semiconductor (eg, anatase) particles produces 1-naphthylamine in 77% yield (44). 1-Naphthylamine/7J4-J2-. can also be prepared by treating 1-naphthol with NH in the presence of a catalyst at elevated temperature. The sanitary working conditions are improved by gas-phase reaction at... 

Organic titanium compounds are useful as crosslinkers [1462]. Aqueous titanium compositions often consist of mixtures of titanium compounds. 

D. E. Putzig and K. C. Smeltz. Organic titanium compositions useful as cross-linkers. Patent EP 195531, 1986. 

Varying the ratios of the components must be done with a degree of caution however. With titanium compositions in particular there is a dehnite limit to the gunpowder/titanium balance beyond which the composition can explode during pressing the titanium flitters act as tiny razor blades which can friction ignite the gunpowder. 

Lodowicks, E. and Beck, F. (1994), Basic characteristics of spinel type manganese mixed ox-idc/titanium composite anodes for electroorganic redox catalysis. Chem. Eng. Technol., 17(5) 338-347. 

Zhou, X. (2012) Hydroxyapatite/titanium composite coating for biomedical applications. PhD thesis. University of Michigan-Dearborn, http //hdl.handle.net/2027.42/94569 (accessed 15 November 2014). 

Zhou, X. and Mohanty, P. (2012a) Electrochemical behaviour of cold sprayed hydroxyapatite/titanium composite in Hank s solution. Electrochim. Acta, 65, 134-140. 

T. (2003) Formation of highly oriented hydroxyapatite in hydroxyapatite/titanium composite coatings by radiofrequency thermal plasma spraying. / Mater. Sci. Mater Med., 14 (10), 919-922. 

S. Ban, 1. Hasegawa and S. Maruno, Electrochemical Corrosion Behaviour of Hydroxyapatite-Glass-Titanium Composite, Biomaterials 12, 205—209 (1991). 

K. Yamaxla, K. Imamura, H. Itoh, H. Iwata and S. Maruno, Bone Bonding Behaviour of the Hydroxyapatite Containing Glass-Titanium Composite Prepared by the Cullet Method, Biomaterials 22, 2207-2214 (2001). 

Xiao, X. F., Liu, R.F., and Zheng, Y.Z. Hydoxyapatite/titanium composite coating prepared by hydrothermal-electrochemical technique. Mater. Lett., 59,1660-1664 (2005). Yang, B., Uchida, M., Kim, H. M., Zhang, X., and Kokubo, T. Preparation of bioactive titanium metal via anodic oxidation treatment. Biomaterials, 25,1003-1010 (2004). 

Rogier R. and Pernot E, "Phosphate Glass-Ceramic-Titanium Composite Materials," /. Mater. Sci., 26, 5664-70 (1991). 

Pinar JF, Canizares P, Rodrigo MA et al (2012) Titanium composite PBI-based membranes for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Effect on titanium dioxide amount. RSC Adv... 

Lobato J, Canizaies P, Rodrigo MA et al (2011) Enhancement of the fuel cell performance of a high temperature proton exehange membrane fuel cell running with titanium composite polybenzimidazole-based membranes. J Power Sources 196 8265-8271... 

Wes83] West, A.W and Larbalestier, D.C., a-Ti Precipitates in High Current Density Multifilamentary Niobium Titanium Composites, IEEE Trans. Afagn., Mag-19,1983, p. 548-551... 

To illustrate the use of the finite element method, a series of single lap joints was analysed using the following combinations of adherend titanium-titanium, titanium-composite, composite-composite, and aluminium-aluminium. For each adherend combination, both an epoxy and a bismaleimide adhesive were analysed and each joint was subjected to four different test temperatures —55°C, 20°C, 130° and 180°C. In all, therefore, 32 different cases of single lap joints were considered. The thicknesses of the adherends were 2 mm for the composite, 1.6 mm for the aluminium and 1.2 mm for the titanium. The joint width was 25 mm, the length was 12.5 mm, and the bondline thickness was 0.1 mm. 

Tanaka, Y., Yang, J.M., Liu, YJ., Kagawaa, Y., 2007. Characterization of nanoscale defomiation in a discontinuously reinforced titanium composite using AFM and nanolithography. Scripta... 

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