Tissues vascularized

AT2 receptors are present at high density in all tissues during fetal development, but they are much less abundant in the adult where they are expressed at high concentration only in the adrenal medulla, reproductive tissues, vascular endothelium, and parts of the brain. AT2 receptors are up-regulated in pathologic conditions including heart failure and myocardial infarction. The functions of the AT2 receptor appear to include fetal tissue development, inhibition of growth and proliferation, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and vasodilation. 

The penetration into the tissue follows the initial breakdown of the epithelial barrier. This results in an immediate and strong edema of the conjunctiva, known as chemosis, due to a water influx from the surrounding tissue, vascular leakage, tears, and applied fluids. The cornea itself loads up with ions to a measured osmolarity of 1,830 mOsmol/kg after a 1 mol NaOH bum for 30 s [24]. The penetration of strong alkali has been systematically tested on sodium hydroxide by means of evaluation of the anterior chamber pH. This pH change typically occurs within 2 min after exposure of the comeal surface. The change of the cornea... 

The transfer of glucose from the blood to an implanted biosensor is dictated by the proximity of the sensing surface to the host tissue, by the local tissue vascularity and perfusion, and by the response of the tissue to the implant surface.11 All of these parameters change with the length of time after implantation. The primary components of the foreign body reaction to an implant along with the potential to observe these in a tissue window chamber preparation are listed in Table 4.1. 

Unlike adrenal and hepatic tissue, vascular smooth muscle apparently possesses only a single receptor type. The observed affinity of this receptor varies among different muscle preparations from a Kd of 15-50 nM in aorta [1] to a Kd of 2-5.5 nM in mesenteric artery and cultured vascular cells [9], Nonetheless, it appears that, in at least some smooth muscle cell types, All alters the activity of both phospholipase C and adenylate cyclase, presumably via a single receptor type. 

In normal tissues vascular and interstitial oncotic pressures (ttv and 77 ) are approximately 20-25 and 5-15 mm Hg, respectively (Baxter and Jain, 1989). Although there are no direct measurements of in tumors, based on high vascular permeability and high interstitial diffusion coefficient in tumors, one would expect higher concentration of endogenous plasma proteins in the tumor interstitium than in normal interstitium. This hypothesis is supported by the data in the literature (Sylven and Bois, 1960). As a result, in tumors may be higher than that in normal tissues. 

Two major steps in drug delivery are commonly considered first step is the tissue vascular level (organ), accomplished by EPR effect for polymer therapeutics (nanomedicine) which can traverse the vascular wall to the tumor interstitium, where EPR effect plays the single most important role [69]. 

Poly(tetrafluoro ethylene) (PTFE) TEFLON Dupont Replace urinary tissues, vascular graft, guided tissue regenerations, orbital reconstruction, facial reconstruction, rhinoplasty... 

The cells and components of vascularized connective tissue (Table 2.2) are involved in the inflammatory and wound healing responses. Thus, injury to soft tissues involves the specific types of cells which constitute the organ or tissue as well as the cells and components of vascularized connective tissue. Vascularized connective tissue can be viewed as the general network which holds together specific cell types in unique three-dimensional patterns to constitute organs or tissues. 

Site of injection is an important determinant in uptake and is dependent on tissue vascularity. The more vascular tissues have a faster drug uptake than less vascular tissue. Sites of injection with faster to slower uptake are noted as follows intercostal > caudal > epidural > brachial plexus > femoral/sciatic > intrathecal. 

Paltiel HJ, Burrows PE, Kozakewich HP et al. (2000) Soft-tissue vascular anomalies utility of US for diagnosis. Radiology 214 747-754... 

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