Tissue hydrogel applications

V. E. Santo, A. M. Frias, M. Carida, R. Cancedda, M. E. Gomes, J. F. Mano, and R. L. Reis, Carrageenan-based hydrogels for the controlled delivery of PDGF-BB in bone tissue engineering applications, Biomacromolecules, 10 (2009) 1392-1401. 

Crosslinkable bioresorbable hydrogel block copolymer compositions, (V), were prepared by Loomis [6] for implantable prostheses and as scaffolding for tissue engineering applications. 

Nguyen KT and West JL. Photopolymerizable hydrogels for tissue engineering applications. Biomaterials 2002 23 4307-4314. 

Ji Y et al (2006) Dual-syringe reactive electrospinning of cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel nanofibers for tissue engineering applications. Macromol Biosci 6( 10) 811—817... 

Chitosan has three types of reactive functional groups that allow modifications of chitosan to produce various useful hydrogels for tissue engineering applications [146]. 

Madhumathl K, Shalumon KT et al (2009) Wet chemical synthesis of chitosan hydrogel-hydroxyapatite composite membranes for tissue engineering applications. Int J Biol Macromol 45 12-15... 

The nonadsorptive nature of these materials allows for their modification in order to include specified biological signals. Cells will not adhere to hydrogels without chemical or biological modification of the material. While it may seem that lack of cell adhesion to materials intended for tissue engineering applications would not be a desirable property, this is not necessarily the case. This anti-adhesive property is beneficial, as it allows precise, defined modifications of the material to achieve a specific cellular response without interference by nonspecific cell or protein interactions. 

As mentioned earlier, poly(NIPAAm-co-AAc) where AAc content is small (2-5 mol%) forms loose hydrogels above the LOST. This makes the system an attractive candidate for tissue engineering application as an extracellular matrix (ECM). Above a critical concentration, aqueous polymer solutions of W-isopropylacrylamide copolymers with small amounts of acrylic acid, synthesized in benzene by free radical polymerization, exhibited four distinct phases as the temperature increased a clear solution, an opaque solution, a gel, and a shrunken gel. The transition between the opaque solution phase and the gel phase was in the range of 30-34°C and was... 

Beier, J. R, Kneser, U., Horch, R. E., Detsch, R., Boccaccini, A. R., and Arkudas, A. (2014). In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of alginate dialdehyde/gelatin hydrogels with and without nanoscaled bioactive glass for bone tissue engineering applications, 7,1957-1974. 

FIGURE 13.8 Monomer 39 is used to prepare cyclic polyacetal hydrogels such as 42 for potential use in tissue regeneration applications [125,132]. 

In addition to PEG-based chitosan composites, temperature-sensitive chitosan composites have also been developed for tissue engineering applications by grafting of pluronics onto chitosan. This composite material formed a thermosensitive hydrogel that exhibited a transition temperature of 30-35°C when the grafting percentage was altered (Chung et al, 2005b). These thermosensitive... 

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