Cross-linked hyaluronic acids

Nobuhiko Yui, Teruo Okano, andYasuhisa Sakurai. Inflammation responsive degradation of cross-linked hyaluronic acid gels. J. Contr. Rel. 22 105-116, 1992. 

A new generation of cross-linked hyaluronic acids, termed Hylans, is now available [96]. It would be expected that such aggregated molecules, which consist of several hyaluronic acid chains linked via methoxy bridges to a protein core, should be more resistant to free radical-induced depolymerisation. The results of initial studies to determine the radiolytic yield of chain scission... 

Luo, Y. Kirker, K.R. Prestwich, G.D. Cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel films new biomaterials for drug delivery. J. Control. Release 2000, 69, 169-184. 

Ji Y et al (2006) Dual-syringe reactive electrospinning of cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel nanofibers for tissue engineering applications. Macromol Biosci 6( 10) 811—817... 

Thus, ionizing radiation provides an excellent tool to reduce the molecular weight of a carbohydrate polymer whenever required for medicinal application, e.g. in the case of chitosan [83-85]. On the other hand, an increased stability against free-radical induced depolymerization might be required. This may be achieved by chemically crosslinking the native linear polymer the radiolytic behaviour of cross-linked hyaluronic acid, called hylan, has been studied [86]. 

Wang F, Garza LA, Kang S, Varani J, Orringer JS, Fisher GJ, Voorhees JJ. In vivo stimulation of de novo collagen production caused by cross-linked hyaluronic acid dermal filler injections in photodamaged human skin. Arch Dermatol 2007 143 155-163. 

Jia X, Colombo G, Padera R, Langer R, Kohane DS. Prolongation of sciatic nerve blockade by in situ cross-linked hyaluronic acid. Biomaterials 2004 25 4797-4804. 

Tomihata, K. and Ikada, Y., Preparation of cross-linked hyaluronic acid films of low water content. Biomaterials, 18,(3), 189,1997. 

Haney, A. et al., A barrier composed of chemically cross-linked hyaluronic acid (Incert) reduces postoperative adhesion formation, FertU. SterU., 70,145,1998. 

Hyaluronic acid Cross-linked hyaluronic acid can be used as temporary prosthesis for synovial fluid to treat arthrosis hyaluronic acid is biodegraded in the human body where it is normally regenerated. 

Tomer R, Dimitrijevic D, Florence AT. Electrically controlled release of macromolecules from cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogels. J Control Release. 1995 33 405-13. 

Pat. WO/2000/046253, Process for the production of multiple cross-linked hyaluronic acid derivatives. 

Figure 5.2 Cross-linked hyaluronic acid with amide bond after reaction with carbodiamide using the Ugi approach...

Lu, P.L., Lai, J.Y., Ma, D.H., Hsiue, G.H. (2008) Carbodiimide cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogels as cell sheet delivery vehicles characterization and interaction with corneal endothelial cells. Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition, 19 (1), 1-18. 

Volkov, V.P., Zelenetskii, A.N., Khabarov, V.N., Selyanin, M. A. (2008) The method of obtaining salts of cross-linked hyaluronic acid modified with retinol. Russian Federation Patent No. 2386641, filed Jnl. 09, 2008, and issued Jan. 20, 2010. 

M. Waki, K. Miyamoto (2000) Photo-cured cross-linked-hyaluronic acid gd and method of preparation thereof. US Patent 6,031,017. 

Fig. 8.7 Reaction scheme for the formation of and the idealized structure of the iron-cross-linked hyaluronic acid (Fe-HA) hydrogel...

Vorvolakos, K., Isayeva, I.S., Luu, H.-M.D., Patwardhan, D.V., Pollack, S.K. lonically cross-linked hyaluronic acid wetting, lubrication, and viscoelasticity of a modified adhesion barrier gel. Medical Devices Evidence Res. 2011(4), 1-10 (2010)... 

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