Tissue augmentation

The introduction of cross-linked, water-insoluble gels of hyaluronan for tissue aug- 

It is important to note that correct injection technique is critical to the success of dermal augmentation. The location of the needle tip and the direction of the needle bevel must be carefully oriented so that gel particles are properly positioned in the dermal and subdermal connective tissues. Wrinkles and scars can be formed by collagen fiber systems that are attached to the dermal layer and pull it down into the softer connective tissue. The injected gel has to break or displace these connections to smooth the surface of skin. This depends, first of all, on the skill of the injector and second, on the quahty of the product and the structure of the skin of the patient at the site of injection.  

The first cross-linked hyaluronan gel developed and clinically tested for dermal augmentation was produced by cross-linking with divinyl sulfone (DVS hylan B) 

Trade name, manufacturer Cross-linked by Source of hyaluronan Hyaluronan cone (mg/ml) Average particle size (gm) 

Juvederm Ultra (24HV), Allergan BDDE Bacterial capsule 24 NA 

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Knapp TR, Kaplan EN, Danieks JR (1977) Injectable collagen for soft tissue augmentation. Plast Reconstr Surg 60 398-405... 

S. Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh, I.M. Reaney, K. Hurrell-Gillingham, I.M. Brook, P.V. Hatton, Evaluation of modified fluorcanasite glass-ceramics for bone tissue augmentation. Key Eng. Mater. 284-286 (2005) 557-560. 

Porous (sponge, felt) Hemostats wound dressings cartilage repair soft tissue augmentation... 

Collagen/biological polymer Soft-tissue augmentation skin repair... 

Because of their chemical inertness, low surface tension and antisurfactant activity polyorganosiloxane (silicone) oils have found varied applications in medicine. These have included use as an artificial lubricant for arthritic joints191, as a means of soft tissue augmentation, and as an additive in creams and oils for burn treatment. Di-methylpolysiloxane fluids have been injected as replacement for aqueous and vitreous humour in eyes. Reactive organosilicon compounds comprise a new class of potential prophylactic and therapeutic agents192. Protection against atherosclerosis... 

Excellent anabolic qualities and the resulting lean tissue augmentation due to increased protein... 

Duranti, F., Salti, G., Bovani, B., Calandra, M., and Rosati, M.L., Injectable hyaluronic acid gel for soft tissue augmentation. A clinical and histological study, Dermat. Surg., 24, 1317, 1998. 

Thus the balance between external and internal loading appears to play an important role in skin metabolism and healing. Tension applied to the epidermis appears to lead to cell division (hyperplasia) whereas compression of the dermis leads to scar tissue resorption. These observations appear to fit the general model that external tension promotes tissue augmentation and external compression leads to tissue destruction (catabolism). 

Tissue augmentation for correction of wrinkles and depressed scars is based on a very different principle than that used to correct wrinkles using muscle-paralyzing drugs. 

Piacquadio D, Jarcho M, Goltz R. Evaluation of hylan b gel as a soft-tissue augmentation implant material. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997 36 544-549. 

Klein AW. Soft tissue augmentation 2006 filler fantasy. Dermatol Ther 2006 19 129-133. 

United States Food and Drug Administration. Center for Devices and Radiological Health. New Device Approval Letter Cosmetic Tissue Augmentation product (CTA)—PMA P050033. Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data. December 20, 2006. In www.fda.gov/cdrh/pdf5/p050033b.pdf. 

Verpaele A, Strand A. Restylane SubQ, a non-animal stabilized hyaluronic acid gel for soft tissue augmentation of the mid- and lower face. Aesthet Surg 2006 26 S10-S17. 

Manna F, Dentini M, Desideri P, de Pita O, Mortilla E, Maras B. Comparative chemical evaluation of two commercially available derivatives of hyaluronic acid (hylaform from rooster combs and restylane from streptococcus) used for soft tissue augmentation. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 1999 13 183-192. 

Soft-tissue augmentation drug delivery Tendon and bgament repair sutures Nerve repair vascirlar repair Vascular repair skin repair wound dressings Soft-tissue augmentation skin repair Hard-tissue repair... 

A. Alhadlaq, M. Tang, J.J. Mao, Engineered adipose tissue from human mesenchymal stem cells maintains predefined shape and dimension implications in soft tissue augmentation and reconstruction. Tissue Eng. 11 (2005) 556-566. 

Carruthers, J. D. Carruthers, A. (2005) Facial sculpting and tissue augmentation. Dermatol Surg, 31, 1604-12. 

Dastoor, S. F., Misch, C. E. Wang, H. L. (2007) Dermal fillers for facial soft tissue augmentation. J Oral Implantol, 33, 191-204. 

Kanchwala, S. K., Holloway, L. Bucky, L. P. (2005) Reliable soft tissue augmentation a clinical comparison of injectable soft-tissue fillers for facial-volume augmentation. Ann Plast Surg, 55, 30-5 discussion 35. 

In the course of tissue augmentation (hyperplasia), the tumour outgrows into the surrounding tissue. To grow further and satisfy the increased demand for nutrients, the tmnour requires the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) (Fig. 5.120). [300] Eventually, cancer cells are released into the blood or lymph system and disseminated into other organs to establish secondary tumours (metastases). 

Title Injectable Implants for Tissue Augmentation And Generation... 

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