Tinplating

This reaction has been used to recover tin from scrap tinplate.) Tin(IV) chloride is a colourless liquid, which fumes in air due to hydrolysis ... 

Chlorine is also used in the manufacture of hydrochloric acid, the extraction of titanium, and the removing of tin from old tinplate ( de-tinning ). 

In aqueous solution, malic acid can be mildly corrosive toward aluminum and corrosive to carbon steel. Under normal conditions, it is not corrosive to stainless steels, which usually are the constmetion materials for processes involving malic acid. Malic acid is also virtually noncorrosive to tinplate and other materials used to package acidulated foods and beverages (Table 3) (27). 

Fig. 27. U.S. shipments of steel mill products, where (— —) represents bars-reinforcing, (—o—) hot-roUed and cold-finished bars, (—ce—) tinplate,...

Tin [7440-31 -5] is one of the world s most ancient metals. When and where it was discovered is uncertain, but evidence points to tin being used in 3200—3500 BC. Ancient bron2e weapons and tools found in Ur contained 10—15 wt % tin. In 79 ad, Pliny described an alloy of tin and lead now commonly called solder (see Solders and brazing alloys). The Romans used tinned copper vessels, but tinned iron vessels did not appear until the fourteenth century in Bohemia. Tinned sheet for metal containers and tole (painted) ware made its appearance in England and Saxony about the middle of the seventeenth century. Although tinplate was not manufactured in the United States until the early nineteenth century, production increased rapidly and soon outstripped that in all other countries (1). 

Tinplate provides an outlet for over one-third of the primary tin used in the United States. In 1980, ca 3.7 x 10 t of tinplate were produced in U.S. steel nulls. Total world production in 1980 was 13.6 x 10 t. In the United States in 1980, ca 56 x 10 base boxes was used to make food containers (one base box comprises an area of 202,000 cm or ca 31 in. ). 

Grade A Grade A for the manufacture of tinplate Ultra pure grade... 

Tin is used in various industrial appHcations as cast and wrought forms obtained by rolling, drawing, extmsion, atomizing, and casting tinplate, ie, low carbon steel sheet or strip roUed to 0.15—0.25 mm thick and thinly coated with pure tin tin coatings and tin alloy coatings appHed to fabricated articles (as opposed to sheet or strip) of steel, cast iron, copper, copper-base alloys, and aluminum tin alloys and tin compounds. 

In addition to the packaging of foods and beverages in regular containers, a large quantity of tinplate is used in the form of aerosol containers for cosmetics, paint, insecticides, poHshes, and other products. Decorative trays, Hthographed boxes, and containers of unusual shape are additional oudets for tinplate. 

A tinplate container has an energy advantage over some of the competitive container materials, as shown in Table 6. By virtue of its magnetic properties, tinplated material is more readily separated by other forms of industrial or domestic waste. 

Vapor-phase inhibitors are volatile compounds that adsorb onto metal surfaces, and retard or prevent corrosion by a variety of mechanisms (37). Inhibitors such as dicyclohexamine nitrate [3882-06-02] can protect a variety of metals such as steel, aluminum, and tinplate. A number of vapor-phase inhibitors are commercially available as powders or tablets. However, vapor-phase inhibitors attack nonferrous metals to varying degrees, thus the manufacturers recommendations should be checked before appHcation. The system to be protected must be closed to maintain the volatile compound, but objects as large as the interior of an ocean-going tanker have been treated by this technique. 

Steel coated with tin (tinplate) is used to make food containers. Tin is more noble than steel therefore, well-aerated solutions will galvanically accelerate attack of the steel at exposed areas. The comparative absence of air within food containers aids in preserving the tin as well as the food. Also the reversible potential which the tin-iron couple undergoes in organic acids serves to protect exposed steel in food containers. 

A sheet of steel of thickness 0.50 mm is tinplated on both sides and subjected to a corrosive environment. During service, the tinplate becomes scratched, so that steel is exposed over 0.5% of the area of the sheet. Under these conditions it is estimated that the current consumed at the tinned surface by the oxygen-reduction reaction is 2 X 10 A m -. Will the sheet rust through within 5 years in the scratched condition The density of steel is 7.87Mg m . Assume that the steel corrodes to give Fe " ions. The atomic weight of iron is 55.9. 

Tinplate is thin steel sheet with a minute coating of tin applied. This is used for producing food and drinks cans, where rust must be prevented at all costs. 

Blech-konne, /. tin can. -kasten, m. tin box sheet-iron box. -lack, m. tinplate varnish sheet-metal varnish, -messing, n. sheet brass, -rohr, n. sheet-iron tube tin tube, -schmied, m. tinner, -stfirke, /. plate (or sheet) thickness, -taiel, /. sheet iron, iron plate. -trichter, m. tin (plate) funnel, -trommel, /. tin (plate) drum, -ware, /. sheet-metal ware, ( i ually) tinware. 

Durchfuhr, /, transport, conveyance, durchfiihrbar, a. practicable, feasible, Durchfiihrbarkeit, /. practicability, feasibility, durchfiihren, v.t. lead thru, convey thru carry thru, execute, perform, accomplish, conduct Tinplate) dip, wash,... 

Perlmutter-blech, n. erystallized tinplate, moir6 m4tallique. -glanz, m. mother-of-pearl luster, naereous luster. 

Continuous plating of wire and strip is, unlike the preceding techniques, a prefabrication process. The production of tinplate is the largest scale continuous operation, but any electrodeposit may be applied this way. Subsequent fabrication processes arc likely to damage the coating, so that pre-coating is best reserved for ductile coatings which are anodic to the substrate in service, as is the case for tin. 

Tin coatings are ductile and are able to contribute a lubricating effect in the deep drawing of steel. The presence of the thin alloy layer in flow-melted tinplate coatings does not impair this property appreciably but bright electrodeposited coatings may be less ductile than others. 

Tinplate for containers and closures is often decorated by colour printing and protected by clear lacquers. No surface preparation is carried out and difficulties with wetting and adhesion, sometimes associated with the character of the oxide layers on the surface, are rare. 

In most of its uses, e.g. the external surfaces of tinplate cans, tinned steel has only to resist condensed moisture. In the absence of pollution of the atmosphere by unusually large amounts of sulphur dioxide or chlorides, or of several days of continuous wetting, tinned steel remains unrusted even the thin porous coatings on the common grades of tinplate remain bright and unmarked over the periods involved in the commercial handling and domestic storage of cans, and the domestic use of kitchenware. When... 

---