Continuous plating

FIG. 12-78 Indirect-heated continuous plate dryer for atmospheric, gastight, or fuU-vacuum operation. (Krauss Maffei.)... 

Normally, heat exchanger tubes are arranged in a staggered manner. The continuous plate is considered as being built up of regular hexagons, with a hole in the center for the pipes. This arrangement is shown in Fig. 9.9. 

Continuous plating of wire and strip is, unlike the preceding techniques, a prefabrication process. The production of tinplate is the largest scale continuous operation, but any electrodeposit may be applied this way. Subsequent fabrication processes arc likely to damage the coating, so that pre-coating is best reserved for ductile coatings which are anodic to the substrate in service, as is the case for tin. 

Continuous, plate and air blast freezers for ice-cream Low-temperature brine for lollipop freezing... 

Single plates are usually cured in special devices (curing ovens or curing chambers, cf., e.g., [25] ) that control humidity as well as temperature. In continuous plate production, the drying of the pasted ribbon is correspondingly controlled. Furthermore, in continuous manufacture final curing can occur after the plates are separated and inserted into the containers. 

There was an improvement in efficiency, when compared to conventional plating, which increased as the pH increased. This latter point identifies a possible small technological benefit to the industry. For example, rather than curtail conventional plating at pH = 2.7, it is possible to continue plating (in the presence of ultrasound) at higher pH values. For example, at pH = 3.1 the efficiency is ap-... 

Fig. 7.17. Mass flows in continuous plate distillation column...

Already in the first year after the discovery of electrolytic aluminum deposition from solutions containing aluminum alkyls, an apparatus for the continuous plating of wire was tested [118], see Fig. 17. 

Before turning off the power supply when electrodeposition is completed, add 1 ml of cone. NH4OH to the cell and continue plating for about one minute then turn off the power supply and as quickly as possible ... 

The Martin and Synge plate model [1] is a continuous plate model. It assumes that the column is equivalent to a series of continuous flow mixers. Mobile phase is transferred from one vessel to the next one as new mobile phase is added to the first vessel. Hence, the mobile phase flows continuously, and in each mixer the volumes of the mobile phase, Vm, and of the stationary phase, Vs, remain constant. The model is also based upon the assumption that, at the beginning of the experiment, only the first plate (rank / = 0) is loaded with the sample and that there are no sample components in the other plates. Said [13] has extended the theory of the continuous plate model to the case in which the solute is initially distributed on several plates, according to a certain distribution fimction. 

Continuous plating means the workpieces to be plated move continuously passing either one row or between two rows of anodes. Continuous plating is usually used for a workpiece of simple and uniform geometry, such as metal strip, wire, and tube. 

Krauss MafFei Corp. Prcxjess Technology Div. PO Box 6270 Florence, KY 41042 Continuous Plate Dryers... 

Fig. 13.21. Expanded-metal grid ribbon used for continuous plate production of automotive batteries.

The procedure is continued, plate by plate, until a plate is reached at which a liquid of feed composition is being intro liced a total of four plates is required. The results just obtained can be applied to any size unit, as long as direct multiples of the feed and product rates and holdup volumes are used. 

Further details of a Destinorm apparatus for continuous distillation at reduced pressures (Fig. 162) will be discussed in chap. 5.2.2.5. A continuous plate column is exemplified in Fig. 167 bj a Labodest apparatus which can operate from atmospheric pressure down to about 20torr. It is provided with vapour-coUision bubble-cap plates of glass (chap. 7.3.3) having an efficiency between 80 and 100%. Their inode of operation is identical with that of industrial plates so that the test results can be transferred directly. Besides, they are well suited to demonstrations since the gradual exchange process can be observed. This type of column is built with lengths between 600 and 1300 mm and column diameters between 30 and 120 mm and has between 5 and 28 plates depending on the distance between the plates (35 to 150 mm). 

Expanded metal grid strip used for continuous plate production in the automotive battery... 

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