Unusual Shapes

An origami type of structure can be obtained by placing a droplet of a liquid such as water on a sheet of PDMS placed on a superhydrophobic surface. Capillary forces then wrap the PDMS sheet around the droplet. Square sheets of PDMS envelope the droplet in a cylindrical shape, while triangular sheets seal it into the shape of a tetrahedral pyramid. 

Replication techniques are available for transforming complex silica shapes into the corresponding shapes of various polymers. Ihe process can also be extended in the opposite direction, by converting the silica into silicon. Specifically, a low-temperature reduction process has been developed to convert three-dimensional nanostructured silica micro-assemblies into microporous nanocrystalline silicon replicas. Such materials could be useful in a variety of applications, including sensors and biomedical devices. 

---

Aluminum. The majority of aluminum containers are of monobloc (one-piece) constmction, impact extmded from a slug of lubricated aluminum alloy. These containers are widely used for many products and are available in a vast array of heights and diameters. Because these containers lend themselves to additional shaping, many unusual shapes can be found in the marketplace. They may also be coated after the extmsion process. 

In addition to the packaging of foods and beverages in regular containers, a large quantity of tinplate is used in the form of aerosol containers for cosmetics, paint, insecticides, poHshes, and other products. Decorative trays, Hthographed boxes, and containers of unusual shape are additional oudets for tinplate. 

Figures 11.11 through 11.13 illustrate the type of metal loss responsible for a dozen tube leaks over a 3-month period. Note the highly localized character of the metal loss, as well as the unusual shapes and random orientations of the eroded sites. The sites were located at the inlet end and resulted from the lodgment of debris at the mouth of the tube. Highly localized turbulence created by this debris caused the erosion.

It is evident that, under certain conditions, an unusual shape of q]/ r) functions may be expected. This is a result of the blocking term contribution. Some rearrangement of terms is necessary for the case where kj = kq, but no peculiar behavior is observed under these conditions. It is worth emphasizing that our result for q]l(r) generalizes the expression obtained by Bratko and Chakraborty for infinite dilution of fluid particles [35]. The q]/ r) functions coincide with their result for p 0. 

Causes bacteria to swell, rupture, or assume unusual shapes... 

The penicillins have the same type of action against bacteria. Fbnicillins prevent bacteria from using a substance that is necessary for the maintenance of the bacteria s outer cell wall. Unable to use this substance for cell wall maintenance, the bacteria swell, rupture, assume unusual shapes, and finally die (Pig. 7-1). 

Fig. 6.4a, curve 2), and the polarization curve is of unusual shape in the region of high anodic CD where i 5S> (the oxidizing agent is the anodic reaction product, hence this relation is possible). In this region... 

The periodic table has an unusual shape because it is divided into blocks representing the energy sublevel being filled with valence electrons. In the periodic table shown in the diagram, which sequence lists these blocks in s-p-d-f order ... 

Benzo[r]bcnzo[3,4]cinnolino[l,2- ]cinnoline 61 and a series of 5,6-dihydrobenzo[c]cinnoline derivatives, including compounds 62, were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The unusual shape of the voltammograms of the investigated compounds can be explained by an EiE-DISP mechanism with a slow disproportionation reaction <1996JA5020>. 

Figure 6.14 shows the photo of a medium power (about 500 jxW at 100 mK) J-T DR (MNK-CF-500). Note the unusual shape (coil) of the step heat exchanger. 

Make optical window in polymer currency of an unusual shape... 

Compression moulding (not much used for thermoplastics) o is suited for small and medium output of unusual shapes... 

Unusual shapes of dose-response curves may contribute to the identification of specific mechanisms of genotoxicity. For example, extremely steep increases suggest an indirect mode of action or metabolic switching. 

Figure 5-7 Ca and T versus t in an adiabatic CSTR. The unusual shapes of these curves will require considerable examination in this Chapter and in Chapter 6. Residence time is in minutes.

The resis al for unknown 3 has a feature centered around variable 90 (see Figure 5.22). The fact that it is in the same region as the response from the pures and lias an unusual shape (it is unlike the shape of the pure spectra) suggests that an interferent is overlapped with components A and B. Unlike unknown 2, diis cannot be detected by examining the raw data. The number of interferents. the spectral features, or the concentrations of the interfering... 

The PM3 calculations of the So and the vertical (Franck-Condon) Ti energies as a function of the 0-0 bond length [<7(0-0)] have successfully reproduced the experimental activation energy for the dioxetane thermolysis . However, an unusual shape has been found for the energy profile A flat plateau, in which the ground-state energy... 

Italian 6.5mm expl cartridge of WWI could be recognized by an unusual shape of cupronickel-jacketed bullet (Fig 10 of Ref)... 

This method is applied advantageously to metal parts of large size or unusual shapes and to the parts from hard-to-work materials which cannot be readily fabricated by conventional methods. 

Doubt can arise at this point as to whether molecules with unusual shapes are really ionic compounds. It must be remembered, however, that dipoles arise because the particles still retain some charge, otherwise the moment would be zero. The problem still remains as to how the particles in HC1, NO and CO can have charges which are only fractions of that of an indivisible electron. The difficulty is partly resolved by bringing the polarization of the ions into consideration, for if both ions in NaCl are polarized, then in both ions dipoles are created, which are opposite to the dipole caused by the charges see Figure 31). What, in fact, is measured is the resultant of these three dipoles. The observed dipole is therefore always smaller than the dipole which is caused by the ionic charges. This... 

In neutral gels, in contrast, neither a nor T0 depend on the shape of samples at all, as shown in Fig. 11. Thus, it is certain that the unusual shape-dependent properties shown in Figs. 9 and 10 are due to ions contained in gels. Although the mechanism underlying the shape dependence is not dear at present, one possible mechanism has been proposed [31] on the basis of the surface tension of ionized gels. Denoting the surface tension as y and the radius of curvature of the gel surface as p, an additional contribution to the osmotic pressure due to... 

In addition, the unusual shape-dependent swelling and phase transition properties observed recently in ionized NIPA gels have been reviewed. Although the mechanism responsible for these phenomena is still open to discussion, these results show that an important role is played by the surface state of ionized gels in determining the swelling equilibrium. 

Clay is a fascinating material from which to make musical instruments because it can produce a multitude of sounds. Different types of clay and various firing techniques can be employed to create musical instruments that sound quite dissimilar to each other. And the plasticity of clay, before firing, makes it possible to create a variety of unusually shaped air chambers and resonators for wind and percussion instruments. 

Since such molecules either lack shape anisotropy or high polarisability and constitute molecules of unusual shape with voids between their arms, this family of mesogens is considered to be non-conventional. In the last decades several reviews summarised most of the unconventional mesogens including the small subgroup of... 

---