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Metal, ancient

The very high powers of magnification afforded by the electron microscope, either scanning electron microscopy (sem) or scanning transmission electron microscopy (stem), are used for identification of items such as wood species, in technological studies of ancient metals or ceramics, and especially in the study of deterioration processes taking place in various types of art objects. [Pg.417]

Tin [7440-31 -5] is one of the world s most ancient metals. When and where it was discovered is uncertain, but evidence points to tin being used in 3200—3500 BC. Ancient bron2e weapons and tools found in Ur contained 10—15 wt % tin. In 79 ad, Pliny described an alloy of tin and lead now commonly called solder (see Solders and brazing alloys). The Romans used tinned copper vessels, but tinned iron vessels did not appear until the fourteenth century in Bohemia. Tinned sheet for metal containers and tole (painted) ware made its appearance in England and Saxony about the middle of the seventeenth century. Although tinplate was not manufactured in the United States until the early nineteenth century, production increased rapidly and soon outstripped that in all other countries (1). [Pg.56]

Iron is easily corroded when exposed to the atmosphere (see text below), and few specimens of ancient metallic iron are recovered in archaeological... [Pg.199]

Zinc (least stable ancient metal has the lowest electrochemical potential)... [Pg.217]

The scientific study of ancient metals and the remains of metallurgical activities is of obvious importance from the history of technology standpoint the conclusions and inferences drawn from such studies are often also helpful... [Pg.223]

Of all the ancient metallic artifacts that have been left from antiquity, coins are among the most numerous. Since ancient times coins have generally been made from coinage metals or, mostly, from coining alloys, whose chemical and physical properties and economic qualities make them suitable to be used for this purpose. Until the twentieth century, gold, silver, copper, and their alloys were practically the only metals from which coinage was made. All these metals and alloys have the following properties ... [Pg.231]

Caley, E. R. (1964), Analysis of Ancient Metals, Macmillan, New York. [Pg.563]

Young, S. M. M., P. Budd, R. Hagerty, and A. M. Pollard (1997), Inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry for the analysis of ancient metals, Archaeometry 39(2), 379-392. [Pg.627]

Gale, N.H. (1997). The isotopic composition of tin in some ancient metals and the recycling problem in metal provenancing. Archaeometry 39 71-82. [Pg.341]

Spoto, G., Ciliberto, E., Allen, G. C., et al. (2000). Chemical and structural properties of ancient metallic artefacts multitechnique approach to study of early bronzes. British Corrosion Journal 35 43 17. [Pg.384]

McCarthy, A. A., Baker, H. M., Shewry S. C., Patchett, M. L. and Baker, E. N. (2001). Crystal structure of methylmalonyl-coenzyme A epimerase from P. sher-manii a novel enzymatic function on an ancient metal binding scaffold. Structure 9,637-646. [Pg.140]

Tin is anther ancient metal that continues to have a variety of uses. The inorganic form is used in food packaging, solder, brass, and as an alloy with other metals. The organic forms of tin, triethyltin and trimethyltin, are used as fungicides, bactericides, and generally as antifouling agents for boats. [Pg.130]


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