Tin-lined pipes

Porritt (1934), pp. 69-70, replaced his lead pipes with pipes of block tin, but he was a relatively wealthy man. See chapter 7 for a discussion of the costs and benefits of block tin or tin-lined pipes. 

For more details on the characteristics and problems associated with tin-lined pipe, see Popular Science Monthly, June 1888, p. 281. This short essay summarizes work by British chemists and engineers on the difficulties with tin-lined pipe. 

In the beverage distillation industry, stills and auxiUary piping are generally fabricated of copper, although stainless steel is also used. AH piping that conveys finished products is tin lined copper, stainless steel, or glass. 

Antimony alloys have many commercial applications. The metal makes its alloys hard and stiff and imparts resistance to corrosion. Such alloys are used in battery grids and parts, tank linings, pipes and pumps. The lead plates in the lead storage batteries constitute 94% lead and 6% antimony. Babbit metal, an alloy of antimony, tin, and copper is used to make antifriction machine bearings. Alloys made from very high purity grade antimony with indium, gallium and bismuth are used as infrared detectors, diodes, hall effect devices and thermoelectric coolers. 

As for storage tanks, stainless steel and lacquer-lined mild steel are suitable materials of constmction for pipe lines. For pumps, valves, etc, various alloys are suitable, including phosphor bronze, gun metal. Monel, stainless steel, and certain nickel steel alloys. Alloys with high proportions of ziac and tin together with copper and aluminum are not recommended. 

Tin finds widespread use beeause of its resistanee to eorrosion, or as foil or to provide proteetive eoats/plates for other metals. Properties of lead whieh make industrial applieation attraetive surround its soft, plastie nature permitting it to be rolled into sheets or extruded through dies. In the finely-divided state lead powder is pyrophorie in bulk form the rapidly-formed proteetive oxide layer inhibits further reaetion. It dissolves slowly in mineral aeids. Industrial uses inelude roofing material, piping, and vessel linings, e.g. for aeid storage. 

Steel that has been hot-rolled and pickled may be cold-rolled immediately at ambient temperatures before further oxidation can occur. This is done to impart the desired mechanical and surface properties in the steel, and for cold working of the pipe and tube. The two main types of cold mill products are cold-rolled sheets/coils for sale or for further processing in galvanizing and coatings lines, and cold-rolled coils for subsequent tinning.1... 

As to Japanese ammunition itself, one can point out the great variety of improvised devices, such as Mines Depth Charges made from wooden boxes, burlap bags with rubber lining, oil drums Grenades made of pottery, glass gas pipes Booby Traps made of tin cans and Bangalore Torpedoes made of bamboo tubes... 

The type of condenser described came into extensive use mainly because It could be constructed at a small cost, but it is soon destroyed by rust. Built of copper pipe lined with tin, it will last many years. 

---