Timing issues durations

Smooth starts are possible with steam turbine installations that include an auxiliary boiler because the startup phases of the turbocompressor can be matched to different plant operating conditions. Aside from process-related timing issues, the time elapse or machinery startup duration is generally determined by the temperature gradients admissible on both steam turbine and expander. These factors are influenced by the relative expansion rates of the fixed and rotating components in these machines. 

For this reason it is certainly more useful not to become fixed exclusively on the issue of defining short in precise time of duration terms, or on editing a comprehensive listing of Short-Term Studies , but rather to concentrate on two pertinent questions ... 

Outputs change in a short well defined time span, this will make it easier to record outputs as they will be steady for a known period of time, the duration of the process execution time. The observability of the process logic is not considered here as it would be a coding/ design issue common to each type of PES. 

The timing of CEA after ischemic stroke has been a controversial issue. In 1969, the Joint Study of Extracranial Arterial Occlusion reported 42% mortality after CEA in patients with neurological deficits of less than 2 weeks duration, compared with 5% mortality in patients with more than 2 weeks of symptoms. Early evidence also demonstrated an increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage after early CEA in patients with acute stroke. This led to the conclusion that most complications occurred with early surgical intervention, and resulted in a traditional 4-6 week delay for CEA after an acute stroke. In retrospect, however, there were major problems with patient selection in these earlier reports. Many of the patients... 

Covariates affected by treatment allocation. Variables measured after randomisation (e.g. compliance, duration of treatment) should not be used as covariates in a model for evaluation of the treatment effect as these may be influenced by the treatment received. A similar issue concerns late baselines , that is covariate measures that are based on data captured after randomisation. The term time-dependent covariate is sometimes used in relation to each of the examples above. 

What is the minimum duration of maintenance treannent providing clinical benefit, e.g. to prevent relapse or recurrence of a depressive episode (see p. 277f. ReimhMT et al.y 1998) The design addressing this issue is similar to the previous one but with different durations of active-maintenance treatment arms compared with a full-time placebo treatment arm. 

Process improvements may be conducted by the completion of a task or a project. A task is an activity that can be completed by the process owner with minimal cost and/or resources over a short period of time. A project is defined as temporary work to provide a product or service that is beyond the process owner s support. In general, a project requires more than one full-time equivalent (FTE), crosses over multiple functional organizations, and the duration of the effort spans over a longer period of time. Improvement status, updates, and issues should be discussed on a regular basis by a management forum or steering committee. Tasks and projects should be prioritized based on the risk against patient safety and efficacy and compliance. 

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