Probing Molecular Interactions

TABLE 13.2 The Relative Percentage of Each Bond Type of the Purified Peptide Preparation (KSL) and Resultant Biosilica Composite (KSL-Si) from Curve Fitting of the C Is and N Is 

---

Finally, a fourth motivation for exploring gas solubilities in ILs is that they can act as probes of the molecular interactions with the ILs. Information can be discerned on the importance of specific chemical interactions such as hydrogen bonding, as well as dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, and dispersion forces. Of course, this information can be determined from the solubility of a series of carefully chosen liquids, as well. FLowever, gases tend to be of the smallest size, and therefore the simplest molecules with which to probe molecular interactions. 

Morris, V. J. (2004). Probing molecular interactions in foods. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 15, 291-297. 

Identifying electronic and vibrational properties of xanthophylls should provide not only structural information. Gaining information about excited state energy levels would help to design and interpret kinetic experiments, which probe molecular interactions and the energetic relationship between the xanthophylls and chlorophylls. 

Salamon, Z. Brown, M. I. Tollin, G., Plasmon resonance spectroscopy Probing molecular interactions within membranes, TIBS 1999, 24, 213 219... 

Recognizing the exquisite sensitivity of NMR to microenvironment, inclusion of fluorine atoms in libraries of ligands has been used to probe molecular interactions based on changes in line width and chemical shift [157-160]. 

Miquel, M.E., Carli, S., Couzens, P.J., Wille, H.J., and Hall, L.D. 2001. Kinetics of the migration of lipids in composite chocolate measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Food Res. Int. 34,773-781. Morris, V.J. 2004. Probing molecular interactions in foods. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 15, 291-297. Morris, V.J., Kirby, A.J., and Gunning, A.P. 1999. Atomic Force Microscopy for Biologists . Imperial College Press, London. 

The ProLabel peptide can be chemically conjugated or recombinantly fused to various biomolecules. To probe molecular interactions, EEC assays are based on a competition between the free and the ProLabel peptide-conjugated form of the biomolecule involved in the interaction under study. Bound to its interaction partner, the ProLabel-labelled biomolecule is not able to complement with the Enzyme Acceptor. Therefore the signal generated by the P-galactosidase is proportional to the concentration of the free biomolecule in the assay."... 

Variations in the diffusion time of the fluorescent molecules can therefore be detected and used to probe molecular interactions in FCS. Such variations are induced by a large increase in the molecular mass of the fluorescence molecules (> 10 fold) upon their binding to a specific partner e.g. a large protein like a receptor). ... 

The MIFs obtained from qrtochrome enzymes are subsequently transformed and simplified as shown in Fig. 12.4. A three-dimensional grid map (3D map) may be viewed as a 3D matrix that contains forces of attraction and repulsion between a chemical probe and a protein. A 3D map is an image of the CYP-probe molecular interactions in which each pixel contains information about the cartesian coordinates and a physicochemical interaction. In cytochrome, where a catalytic reaction has to take place, all the 3D map information can be compressed and refers to the... 

Fluorescence techniques for probing molecular interactions in imprinted polymers... 

In addition to IR spectromicroscopy it is possible to use IRSR to probe molecular interactions at single crystal surfaces. The chemical and physical properties of the surfaces of solid materials and the interfaces between solids and fluids play an... 

Theoretical and computational studies of the reactivities and molecular interactions of acetylene have exploded during recent years. Most studies are aimed at gaining theoretical understanding of the difference in the reactivities between the triple bond in alkynes and the double bond in alkenes. In the following section, we will summarize the reactivities of acetylene involved in pericyclic reactions, electrophilic reactions, and nucleophilic additions. Then, we will give a brief review of the studies probing molecular interactions of acetylene. 

Mathis, G. (1995). Probing Molecular Interactions with Homogeneous Technique Based on Rare Earth Cryptates and Fluorescence Energy Transfer. Clin. Chem. 41 9. 

Bazin, H. Preaudat. E. Trinquet, E. Mathis. G. Homogeneous time resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer using rare earth cryptates as a tool for probing molecular interactions in biology. Spectrochim. Acta. Part A 2001. 57. 2197-2211. 

S. Banerjee, T.K. Pal, and S.K. Guha, Probing molecular interactions of poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) with lipid matrix models to interpret the therapeutic potential of the co-poly-mer, Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 1818, 537-550, 2012. 

The ability of SPR to probe both kinetic and thermodynamic processes, as well as to provide micro-structural information, make it a very important component of the experimental methodology available to probe molecular interactions occurring at surfaces. Furthermore, it allows some of the limitations of other techniques to be overcome. For example, other methods often require one of the partners to be labelled in some way in order to allow it to be detected. Fluorescent probes, radioactive labels, and attachment of independently detectable molecules (e.g. enzymes) have all been used for this purpose. These suffer from the drawback that they may interfere with the binding of the labelled partner to the unlabelled one, or cause unwanted structural perturbations. SPR observations can be based solely on the dielectric properties of molecules, or their intrinsic light absorption characteristics, and thus require no specific labelling. 

Salamon Z, Brown MF and Tollin G (1999) Plasmon resonance spectroscopy probing molecular interactions with membranes. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 24 213-219. 

---