Tannin, resin

Binding down young apple organs bud) vitamins, tannin, resin, wax, aromas) ... 

Chemolysis of ester bonds is performed by hydrolysis or methanolysis. Acidic metha-nolysis, for 24 h at 80 °C, cleaves ester bonds by transesterification, obtaining the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), and has been used to simultaneously study oils, waxes, tannins, resins and polysaccharides in samples collected from embalming materials from Egyptian mummies [17]. Transesterification with trimethyl sulfonium hydroxide in methanol is also used [33,34],... 

Abstract Recently, the interest on biomaterials and especially in tannins was growing and some attractive results were obtained in the adsorption of some metals by tannin adsorbents. Tannins are widely distributed in nature and have multiple adjacent polyhydroxyphenyl groups in their chemical structure which have extremely high afiSnity for heavy metal ions. This study will describe how tannin can be used as an effective zinc and lead sorbent by the use of tannin resins. Batch method was used in the experiments in which pH profde, adsorption time, adsorbent/liquid ratios, initial concentration of metal ions, adsorbent amount and temperature were investigated to determine binding properties of adsorbent for the Zn(II) and Pb(ll) ions. 

Adsorption measurements were made by batch technique at room temperature (25 3°C). Known amounts of tannin resin were placed in 250 mL erlenmeyer flasks containing 100 mL of metal ion solution of known concentration and were stirred for a given time period. The solutions were then filtered, centrifuged and the concentrations of metal ions were measured by AAS. The difference in the metal ion (Pb + and Ztf+) content before and after adsorption represented the amount of Pb and Zn adsorbed by new resin. 

Sorption of Pb(II) and Zn(II) Ions from Aqneons Solution by Tannin Resins... 

Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacquin Che Sang Zi (leaf, bark) Alkaloid, glucoside, tannins, resins.60 Remedy for fever, astringent to treat eczema. 

N.A. Ranunculin, tannin, resin, saponin, anemonin, delphinidin, pelargonidin glycosides, beta-amyrin, beta-sitosterol. Treat asthma, bronchitis, catarrh, diarrhea, rheumatism, and warts. It is alterative, antidotal, diuretic and emmengague. 

N.A. Inulin, mucilage, tannins, resin, arctin, arctic acid, arctiol, dehydro fukinone.99 100 For rheumatism, gout, and lung disease. It is laxative, diuretic, and perspiration inducer. 

Smilax china L. China Crystalline saponin smilacin, tannin, resin, tigogenin, neotigogenin, laxogenin 4849 As alternative, diuretic in syphilis, gout, skin disorders, rheumatism. 

N.A. Saponins, fatty acids, tannins, resin, maysin, essential oil, thiamine, mucilage." Treat cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis, urinary stones. 

N.A. Aims crispus (Ait.) Pursh A. glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Tannins, resins, phlobaphenes, flavone glycoside, alnulin, taraxerol, protoalnulin, beta-sitosterol.100-102 As an astringent, reduce inflammation and internal hemorrhage. 

Berberis vulgaria L. Berberine, tannins, resin, berbamine, berberubine.99 100 Improve liver function, antiseptic and antidiarrhea. 

N.A. Comus florida L. Verbenalin, saponins, tannins, resin, gallic acid, malic acid, tartalic acid, tannic acid.100-123 An astringent, tonic, and hemostatic. 

N.A. Senecio aureus L. Seneciphyline, jacoline, pyrrolizidine, senecionine, tannins, resin.164 A poultice, ointment, or lotion to relieve pain and inflammation. 

N.A. Trillium erectum L. Saponins (trillin), tannin, resin, fixed oil, volatile oil." For heavy menstrual or intermenstrual bleeding, treat bleeding associated with uterine fibroids. 

N.A. Viburnum opulus L. V prunifolium L. Hydroquinones, coumarins, tannins, resin.99-102 Antispasmodic, sedative, an astringent. 

N.A. Zanthoxylum americanum Mill. Chelerythrine, herclavin, asarinin, neoherculin, tannins, resins." Circulatory stimulant, increases sweating. 

Main actives Volatile oil, tannins, resins and glycosides. 

The dried inner bark of cinnamon and cassia contains volatile oil, fixed oil, tannin, resin,... 

The tissue of the fruits contains fatty oil with resin, mucilage and gum, malates and albuminous matter and, in the outer seed-coat, there are significant amounts of tannin. The yield of ash is about 8%. Dried cumin fruits contain essential oil with over 100 different chemical constituents, including abundant sources of the essential fatty acids, oleic acid (3%), linoleic acid (34%), flavonoid glycosides, tannins, resins and gum (Singh et al., 2006). 

Wattle tannin resins are also used to manufacture other resins, such as foams comparable to phenolics, as waterproofing additives, and binders for corrugated cardboard or charcoal briquettes. This discussion, however, deals only with particleboard, plywood, glulam, and finger-jointing exterior-grade wood adhesives. Formulations of the adhesives will be mentioned ad hoc, if at all necessary, as they have already been extensively discussed in articles and reviews in the relevant literature.(7)... 

In conclusion, it is worthwhile to note that in 1970-71, when I started to be involved with tannin adhesives, there were no more than three laboratories, academic or industrial, conducting research on tannin adhesives. By 1986, I have had direct or indirect contact with 42 different laboratories in many countries that have carried out at some time, or are now carrying out, research on these bonding materials. The increase in industrial usage has also been fast but for various reasons has lagged behind the technical and scientific interest. However, after practically zero consumption in 1970, indications are that about 12,000 tons of exterior-grade tannin resin solids per year are now produced and consumed in the timber industry based on reliable information from several... 

Natural polymers crosslinked by synthetic molecules represent many resins used for industrial applications. These are now being more closely examined by solid-state NMR spectroscopy to try to understand more fully what occurs in these systems and how it is possible to improve them. Of industrial importance are the polyphenolic tannin resins crosslinked by hexamethylenetetramine. These principally contain flavan-3-ols (Fig. 15.2.18) in the tannin [21] and have been examined by CP/MAS solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Hexamethylenetetramine was used in preference to formaldehyde as it has showed a much faster rate of reaction. The intermediates in this reaction are tribenzyl-, dibenzyl-<(>, and monobenzylamines some of which rearrange to give the dihydroxydiphenylmethane crosslinking bridges in the resin. The exact nature of the crosslinking process, however, is still in debate and the study was undertaken to try and clarify the issue. To examine this process fully, a comparison was made between pine tannin (high in flavan-3-ol) (Fig. 15.2.19) pine tannin hardened with paraformaldehyde (Fig. 15.2.20) and pine tannin hardened with hexamethylenetetramine (Fig. 15.2.21). 

Berberis Aristata. Indian berberry ruswut rusat. Dried stem of Berberis aristata DC., Berberidaceae. Habit. India, Ceylon. Constit. Berberine and other alkaloidal sub, stances, tannin, resin, starch. 

Chimaphila. Pipsissewa Prince s pine bitter win -tergreen rheumatism weed ground holly pyrola pine tulip. Dried leaves of Chimaphila umbeBata (L.) Nutt., Ericaceae. Habit. Europe, Asia, North America. Conslit Chimaphilin, arbutin, ericolin, urson, tannin, resin. 

Eucalyptus. Cum wood Australian fever tree blue-gum tree. Dried leaves of Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Myrtoceae this is a dwarf species, known as Malee in Australia, and richest in oil of Eucalyptus. Habit. Australia, cultivated in subtropics, Europe, N. Africa and Southern U.S- Conslit. 1-3% volatile oil, tannin, resins, eucalyptic acid, rutin. 

HematoxyIon. Logwood. Heart-wood of Hacma-toxvlon campechianum L., Leguminosae. Habit. Centra] America grown in the West Indies. Constit. About 10% hematoxylin tannin, resin. 

Peppermint. Brandy mint lamb mint. Dried leaves and flowering tops of Mentha piperita L., Labiatae. Habit. Asia, Europe, North America cultivated in gardens. Cotiuit, Volatile oil, tannin, resin, gum. 

Sassy Bark, Saucy bark Mancona bark ordeal bark red-water tree bark casca bark Saxon bark doom bark teli bondou. Bark of Erytkrophleum gu incense G. Don, Leguminosae. Habit. Central and Western Africa. Constit. Erythrophleine, tannin, resin. 

Constii. About 5% volatile and fixed oils anisic acid tannin, resin pectin. 

TrlfoHum. Meadow clover red clover purple clover cow clover. Dried inflorescence of Trifolium pratense L., Leguminosae, Habit. Europe, Asia, Northern Africa naturalized in U.S. Constii. Tannin, resins, fat, trifolianol, trifoliin. 

Valerian. Dried rhizome and roots of Valeriana officinalis L Vaterianaceae. Habit. Europe, Northern Asia naturalized in eastern U.S. Consiit. Volatile oil ( - ]%) val-erine (valerianin) and chatinine (alkaloids) valeric, formic and malic acids tannin, resin. 

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