Tight emulsion

Kind and Amount of Emulsifier Used. Rather extensive laboratory studies have been conducted to determine the characteristics of oil emulsions prepared with various emulsifiers. These studies have led to the use of such terms as quick breaking and tight emulsions. In view of the many factors known to influence the characteristics of an emulsion, such classifications would appear to be of doubtful significance under practical conditions. 

A petroleum industry term for a relatively unstable, easy-to-break emulsion, as opposed to a more stable, difficult-to-treat emulsion. See also Tight Emulsion. 

Three-Phase Emulsion Three-Phase Separator Tight Emulsion... 

Sulfuric acid alkylation units have excellent safety reports [18], The main concerns are the H2S04 and the large inventories of light hydrocarbons. The incidents that have been reported include emulsion-separation difficulties leading to acid carryover, acid runaway resulting in low-quality alkylate and requiring shut down of the olefin feed, or tight emulsion in the net effluent water wash with the consequence of carryover of the alkaline water into the separation section. 

Tight Emulsion A petroleum industry term for a practically stable emulsion, in contrast to a less stable, or loose emulsion (q.v.). 

Centrifugation can be used to remove water (and sediment) if the sample is not a tight emulsion. Other methods that are used to remove water include ... 

Loose Emulsion. A relatively unstable, easy-to-break emulsion. See also Tight Emulsion. 

Tight Emulsion. A practically stable emulsion, as opposed to a loose emulsion. 

These inhibitors consist of very tight emulsions containing high-density materials. The emulsions break slowly to release the inhibitor after the formulation has reached the greatest depth in the system. These formulations cannot be diluted when added to the system. 

An emulsion is a stable mixture of oil and water that does not separate by gravity alone. In the case of a crude oil or regular emulsion, it is a dispersion of water droplets in oil. Oil is the continuous phase and water is the dispersed phase. Normal, or regular, oil-field emulsions consist of an oil continuous or external phase and a water dispersed or internal phase. In some cases, where there are high water cuts, such as when a water-drive field has almost "watered out," it is possible to form reverse emulsions with water as the continuous phase and oil droplets as the internal phase. Complex or "mixed" emulsions have been reported in low-gravity, viscous crude oil. These mixed emulsions contain a water external phase and have an internal water phase mixed in the oil dispersed phase. A stable or "tight" emulsion occurs when the water droplets will not settle out of the oil phase due to their small size and smface tension. Stable emulsions always require some form of treatment. The vast majority of oil treating systems deal with normal emulsions, which is the focus of this chapter. 

A tight emulsion exists, with a median oil droplet size less than 30 pm (manufacturer s claim that newer high-efficiency liners are capable of removing 20 pm). 

The residence time can be substantially higher for tight emulsions. 

The smoothing or emoUient properties of creams and lotions are critical for making these emulsions the preferred vehicles for facial skin moisturizers, skin protectants, and rejuvenating products. On the body, emoUients provide smoothness and tend to reduce the sensation of tightness commonly associated with dryness and loss of Hpids from the skin. Although a wide variety of plant and animal extracts have been claimed to impart skin benefits, vaUd scientific evidence for efficacy has been provided only rarely. 

Insulants for pipework and curved pressure vessels can be obtained ready shaped, so that they fit tightly to the surface. All surfaces should be quite dry before the material is applied, even if the adhesive is a water-based emulsion, and the water or other solvent must be given ample time to dry or set before any outer wrapping is applied. 

Acrylic emulsions tend to flow nicely leveling out rather than giving a three-dimensional effect sometimes offered in various oils. In the absence of a pigment, acrylic emulsions give a milky white appearance. As the water evaporates, the binder particles coalesce forming a tight film. When dried, the film is clear and becomes water insoluble. 

During the refining and processing of fuel, corrosion inhibitors, antifoulants, filmers, neutralizers, and other organic compounds may carry over into a finished product. These polar organics may attract and interact with water to tightly bind it into the fuel as an emulsion. The result is usually a cloudy, hazy fuel. These emulsions are often quite difficult to break. If the water present contains caustic, organic salts, or corrosion products, the emulsion may be quite stable. 

Emulsions have not been studied as thoroughly as dispersions, probably because of the greater complexity of the former. Emulsions tend to be unstable, and frequently droplets begin to coalesce soon after the emulsion forms. Thus the emulsion is continually changing. In addition, droplets may change shape under shear or when packed tightly together. This makes it difficult to apply theories developed for solid spheres or other well-defined... 

With the cocks c Sc f tightly closed and held in the manner described above, place E in a nearly horizontal position and shake vigorously for exactly 2 mins. By this time, the mass will be a nearly homogeneous emulsion. Replace E on the stand and allow the mixt to settle... 

A TltHT emulsion has small dispersed droplets which have considerable resistance to settling. A tight erru von is usually a stab e emulsion. Fig. . 

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