Thyroid hormone regulation

Feng X et al. Thyroid hormone regulation of hepatic genes in vivo detected by complementary DNA microarray. Mol Endocrinol 2000 14 947-955. 

Simonian MH. ACTH and thyroid hormone regulation of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in human fetal adrenocortical cells. J Steroid Biochem 1986 25(6) 1001-6. 

In fat cells epinephrine stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation and lipolysis is markedly reduced in hypothyroidism but enhanced in hyperthyroidism (see Ref. 79). Similar effects of altered thyroid status on the response to two other lipolytic hormones, ACTH and glucagon, have been reported suggesting that thyroid hormones regulate similarly either the different receptors of the various lipolytic hormones and/or a common step of the lipolytic pathway [80],... 

Little is known about the mechanism of action of thyroid hormones on microtubule assembly. It might be that, as in other cell types, thyroid hormones regulate the expression of the specific TAU mRNAs and/or their accumulation. One has also to take into account that a large number of other molecules are required to build up neurites during neuronal differentiation (membranes, components of the growth cone, etc.). 

Jeyakumar, M. and Katzenellenbogen, J.A. 2009. A dual-acceptor time-resolved Forster resonance energy transfer assay for simultaneous determination of thyroid hormone regulation of corepressor and coactivator binding to the thyroid hormone receptor. Anal. Biochem. 386, 73-78. 

Lee SS and McCormickDB (1985) Thyroid hormone regulation of flavocoenzymebiosyn-thesis. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 237,197-201. 

Almeida, A., Loopez-Mediavilla, C, and Medina, J. M. [1997), Thyroid hormones regulate the onset of osmotic activitv of rat liver mitochondria after birth. EndocriTiologif 136, 764-770. 

Lee SS, McCormick DB. Thyroid hormone regulation of flavocoenzyme biosynthesis. Arch Biochem Biophys 1985 237 197-201. 

Selenium, as selenocysteine, is incorporated into glutathione peroxidase (antioxidant), iodothyronine deiodinase (thyroid hormone regulation), and selenoprotein P (vitamin C metabolism). Prematurity, acute illness, chronic GI losses, and long-term selenium-free parenteral nutrition are associated with low serum selenium concentrations and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity. " The... 

Pachucki, J., Burmeister, L.A. and Larsen, P.R. (1999) Thyroid hormone regulates hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (HCN2) mRNA in the rat heart. Circulation Research, 85, 498-503. 

Van der Linden, C.G., Muller, A. and Van Hardeveld, C. (2001) Mechanism of thyroid-hormone regulated expression of the SERCA genes in skeletal muscle implications for thermogenesis. Bioscience Reports, 21, 139—154. 

Outline of the Feedback Loop in Thyroid Hormone Regulation. 388... 

If the feedback hypothesis of thyroid hormone regulation is correct, TSH levels in the blood of hypothyroid people should be increased. Several reports (Table 1) confirm this, including reports based on studies using radioimmunoassay techniques. TSH levels decline when patients are treated by thyroid hormone replacement (02). This does not apply when the hypothyroidism is secondary to pituitary dysfunction. 

Thyroid hormones regulate processes of terminal brain differentiation, such as dendritic and axonal growth, synaptogen-esis, neuronal migration and myefination. They also modulate... 

During pregnancy and breast-feeding, both fetus and neonate are dependent on maternal thyroid hormones, of which iodine is an essential component. Thyroid hormones regulate key biochemical reactions, are essential for... 

Thyroid hormones regulate the turnover of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. They promote glucose absorption, hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis, hepatic glycogenolysis, and glucose utilization in muscle and adipose tissue (18). They increase de novo cholesterol synthesis but increase low-density lipoprotein degradation and cholesterol disposal even more, leading to a net decrease in total and in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol plasma levels (19). Thyroid hormones are anabolic when present at normal concentrations they then stimulate the expression of many key enzymes of metabolism. ... 

Thyroid hormones regulate the body s metabolism and organ function, affecting heart rate, cholesterol level, body weight, energy level, muscle strength, skin condition, menstrual regularity, memory and many other conditions. 

Williams LT, Lefkowitz RJ, Watanabe AM, et al. Thyroid hormone regulation of (3-adrenergic receptor number. J Biol Chem 1977 252 2787-2789. 

B. Dozin, M.A. Magnuson, and V.M. Nikodem, Thyroid hormone regulation of malic enzyme synthesis, J. Biol. Chem. 261 10290 (1986). 

---