Thymus peptides

In the course of an immune response the finally differentiated plasma cells, whose function is antibody synthesis, are formed from the B-lymphocytes under the influence of the T-lymphocytes and the thymus peptides. 

Features Stimulates cell systems synthesizing scleroproteinic fibers, collagen, and elastin Trade Name Synonyms Thymus Peptides t[Pentapharm Ltd http //www.pentapharm.ch,... 

Hydrolyzed spinal protein 91080-06-7 Spleen hydrolysate 91080-11-4 Thymus extract Thymus hydrolysate Thymus Peptides 91080-18-1 Exsyproteines 2%, 4%... 

The chloroderivative of POE was obtained in 64% yield (0.21 mmol Cl g ), whereas the first amino add (Tyr) was attached with 86% yidd referred to Cl dtes. The final fiinctional capadty was 0.18 mmol g for Tyr o>rr ponding to a total loadii capacity of about 50%. The practical use of this carrier was demonstrated by the synthesis of the protected pentapeptide Z-Arg(Z,Z) -Lys(Z)-Asp(OBzl)-Val-Tyt(Bzl)-OH, the active se oit of the bovine thymus peptide Thymopoietin. The photolytk deav e of the protected pentapeptide was carried out successfully (350 nm 18 h) and gave 330 mg product (92% yield). Subsequent add hydrolysis of the support for control revealed that no detectable peptide remained on the carrier, thus providing quantitative photocleavage. 

OTRs are mainly expressed in myoepithelial cells of the galactiferus channels and the myometrium. The OTRs in vascular endothelial cells, renal epithelial cells (macula densa, proximal tubule) and cardiomyocytes induce the production of NO (vasodilation), natriuresis and release of ANP, respectively. The endometrium, ovary, amnion, testis, epididymis, prostate and thymus also express the OTR supporting a paracrine role of this peptide. Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, pancreatic islets cells, adipocytes, and several types of cancer cells also express OTRs. More over, expression of the OTR... 

CyA-AI is clearly immune-dependent and involves autoreactive T cells specific for an MHC class Il-peptide named CLIP and requires both an intact thymus and the absence of regulatory T cells (CD45RClowCD4+ phenotype) [37], CsA inhibits differentiation of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, possibly by interference with activation-induced (IL-2-dependent) cell death [38], and is the probable mechanism underlying increased... 

Thymus-derived, or T, lymphocytes also have an immunoglobulin-like surface receptor linked with accessory proteins to form the T-cell receptor (TCR). There are similarities between the BCR and TCR in that the recognition part of the T receptor complex is also a dimer. In most T cells, the dimer consists of a and [3 individual peptide... 

Protein A24 is histone H2A into which the peptide ubiquitin is covalently attached via its carboxy-terminal end to the e-amino of lysine 119 of H2A (Goldknopf et al., 1977). A24 is a constituent of nucleo-somes and is present to the extent of 10% of calf thymus H2A (Busch... 

Thymosin is an immunomodulatory peptide produced by the thymus gland and other cells. Thymosin alfa 1, a 28-amino acid peptide, is one member of the family of thymosins that collectively appear to influence a variety of regulatory and counter-regulatory functions in terms of T-cell maturation and antigen recognition, stimulation of native interferons and cytokines such as interleukin-2, and activity of natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In some countries it is approved as an adjuvant for influenza vaccine or as a treatment for chronic hepatitis B and, in combination with interferon for hepatitis C. Thymosin alfa 1 has been used with some success to treat children with the severe form of Di-George Syndrome. 

Experimentally, anti-dsDNA antibodies have been successfully induced by a complex of native calf thymus DNA and a highly immunogenic DNA-binding peptide Fusl (D7). 

Thymosins (peptides) Thymus Immune system development and behavior, sperm Stimulates T cell immune... 

Thymopoietin, a calf thymus polypeptide with 49 amino acids, causes selective T-cell differentiation and is therefore responsible for the cell-bound immune reaction. Consideration of smaller peptides having the same properties with respect to the immune system led to the synthetic thymopentin Arg-Lys-Asp-Val-Tyr 131 132) and derivatives such as Lys-Lys-Tyr-Phe-Arg 133). 

T-cells are primed in the thymus, where they undergo two selection processes (central tolerance) the first, positive selection process selects only those T-ceUs with the correct set of receptors that can recognise the MHC molecules responsible for self-recognition then a negative selection process begins, whereby only T-ceUs that can recognise MHC molecules complexed with foreign peptides are allowed to pass out of the thymus. 

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