Kirchhoff. Gustav-Robert

Kekuld von Stradonitz, August 31 fin Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert 93n Kronecker, Leopold 7 In... 

Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert (1824-1887) German physicist in Berlin, Breslau and Heidelberg, who contributed to the fundamental understanding of electrical circuits, spectroscopy, and the emission of black-body radiation by heated objects. 

Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert (i824-87) German physicist, who in i850 became a professor at Breslau and tom years later Joined Robert Bimsen at Heidelberg. In 1845, while stUl a student, he formulated... 

Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert (1824-87) German physicist who, while still a student, derived the laws, now known as Kirchhoff s laws, for determining currents in electrical networks. Working in spectroscopy, he discovered the elements cesium and rubidium, and formulated Kirchhoff s laws of radiation, which stipulate that, for a given wavelength, the ratio of emission to absorption is the same for all bodies at a given temperature. 

Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert (1824-1887) was born in Prussia (now part of Russia) and died in Berlin. He introduced the term black-body radiation, the laws of electrical networks, and much more. 

Kepler Johannes (1571—1630) most famous astronomer who laid the foundation of modem astronomy, studied nature of light and introduced concept of rays, made use of logarithm Kettrup Antonius (1938-) Gr. chem.., expert in ecological chemistry and bioanalytical methods of TA, book Analysis of Hazardous Substances ) Kirchhoff Gustave-Robert (1824-1887) Ger. phys., did spectrum analysis, black-body concept, formulated Kirchhof s laws of electricity... 

Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert (1824-87)AGermanphysicistwho founded the science of spectroscopy. He discovered the laws that govern the absorption and emission of radiation and the flow of electricity in electrical networks. In 1859 he presented the law that states that the ratio of the emission and absorption powers of all materials is the same at a given temperature and a given wavelength of radiation produced. He went on to derive the concept of a perfect black body that can absorb and emit radiation at all wavelengths. 

Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (1811-1899) and Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887) discovered it in the mineral lepidolite through spectral analysis. 

ORIGIN OF NAME In 1860 Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen named the element "Cesium," using the Latin word caesius, which means bluish-gray. 

Scientists use a spectroscope in this process. The spectroscope was invented in 1814 by German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787— 1826). Forty years later, German chemists Robert Bunsen (1811—1899) and Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824—1887) improved on the instrument. They showed how it could be used to study the chemical elements. 

Bunsen (1811—1899) and Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824—1887) improved on the instrument and showed how it could be used to study chemical elements. 

Part of the reason that there was increasing pressure to find a unifying system was that the number of elements had almost doubled from the time of Lavoisier. Lavoisier had listed 33 elements, but by 1844 an additional 31 new elements had been added to the list. There was a slowing of discovery between 1844 and 1859, but two new elements were added when Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (1811-1899) and Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887) announced... 

Figure 15 Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen s spectrocope, from Chemical analysis by Observation of Spectra, (1860).

The name comes from the Latin caesius, meaning sky blue. Cesium was discovered by Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (1811-1899) and Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887) in 1860. They used a spectroscope on a drop of mineral water and saw previously unnoted blue lines in the spectra. Cesium is rare, but it is used in photoelectric cells and as a hydrogenation catalyst. It is also used in some atomic clocks. 

The name comes from the Latin rubidus, meaning deep red. Rubidium was discovered by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824—1887) and Robert Wilhelm Runsen (1811-1899) in 1861, using their spectroscope. They named it after the red lines found in the spectra of the new element. It is rare, and it is radioactive. It is used in photoelectric cells and specialty glass. An exotic compound of rubidium, silver, and iodine may be useful in thin film batteries. 

Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen s spectrocope, from... 

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887) first formulated and published the laws named after him for electrical networks when he was still a student at university in Konigsberg. In 1850 he was nominated professor in Breslau and in 1854 he became a professor in Heidelberg. It was here that he worked with R. Bunsen for over 10 years and carried out investigations into the emission and absorption of radiation. Their results became known as Kirchhoff s radiation laws and as Bunsen-Kirchhoff spectral analysis. In 1875 he became Professor of Theoretical Physics of the University of Berlin. Alongside his teacher F. Neumann, Kirchhoff was a founder of mathematical (theoretical) physics in Germany. 

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824—1877) was a German physicist who made many important contributions to physics and chemistry. In addition to his work in spectroscopy, he is known for Kirchhoff s laws of cuirent and voltage in electrical circuits. These laws can be summarized by the following equations 2/ = 0 and 2 = 0. These equations state that the sum of the currents into any circuit point (node) is zero and the sum of the potential differences around any circuit loop is zero. 

It remained, however, for Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Wilhelm Bunsen in 1859 and 1860 to explain the origin of the Fraunhofer lines. Bunsen had invented his famous burner (Figure 24F-2) a few years earlier, which made possible spectral observations of emission and absorption phenomena in a nearly transparent flame. Kirchhoff con-... 

German physicist Gustav Robert Kirchhoff is born on March 12 in Konigsberg, Prussia. 

During their flame spectrometry experiments on mineral waters in 1860, the German chemists Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen determined the existence of cesium from the characteristic two blue lines in the spectrum. Likewise, extracts of the mineral lepidolite exhibited two dark red spectral lines from which the presence of Rb was inferred. Thus, cesium derives from the Latin caesius, meaning heavenly blue, whereas rubidium derives from rubidus, the Latin word used to describe a very dark red color. Bunsen was able to isolate pure Rb but not Cs, later purified by C. Setterberg. 

Chemical Achievers. Robert Wilhelm Eberhard Bunsen and Gustav Robert Kirchhoff. Available from . 

Figure 3.24 Gustav Robert Kirchhoff and Robert Wilhem Bunsen, who working together made important contributions to spectroscopic analysis of substances. (Published with permission from the Deutsches Museum, Munich.)...

Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen analyzed 1861 the emitted spectrum of the sun and found hydrogen to be the major constituent of the sun [9]. 

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