Thermophilic bacterium

Mid-IR spectroscopy, alongside gravimetric and molecular weight determinations, has also been used to analyse the biodegradation by a thermophilic bacterium (isolated from soil) of an LDPE film [44], The mid-IR studies were undertaken using the ATR sampling technique on control samples, samples that had been UV irradiated, and samples that had been UV irradiated then incubated with bacteria. The study showed that the particular bacterial strain was capable of utilising standard and photo-oxidised polyethylene as the sole carbon source. 

Kirimura, K. Furuya, T. Nishii, Y., et al., Biodesulfurization of Dibenzothiophene and Its Derivatives Through the Selective Cleavage of Carbon-Sulfur Bonds by a Moderately Thermophilic Bacterium Bacillus Subtilis WU-S2B. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2001. 91(3) pp. 262-266. 

Konishi, J. Ishii, Y. Onaka, T., and Maruhashi, K., Purification and Characterization of the Monooxygenase Catalyzing Sulfur-Atom Specific Oxidation of Dibenzothiophene and Benzothiophene From the Thermophilic Bacterium Paenibacillus Sp Strain All-2. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2002. 60(1-2) pp. 128-133. 

Figure 14.3. Composition and structural organization of atp genes in E. coli (Ecoli) (accession no. J01594), thermophilic bacterium PS3 (PS3) (accession no. X07804), C. pasteurianum (Cpast) (accession no. AF283808), M. thermoacetica (Mthe) (accession no. U64318), and A. woodii. (Awoo) (U10505). The size of each gene (in base pairs) is also shown.

Jeonthon C, Reysenbach AL, Lharidon S, et al. 1995. Thermotoga subterranea sp. nov., a new thermophilic bacterium isolated from a continental oil-reservoir. Arch Microbiol 164 91-7. 

Slobodkin A, Tourova TP, Kuznetsov BB, et al. 1999b. Thermoanaerobacterium siderophilus sp. nov., a novel dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49 1471-8. 

Last, but by no means least, reference should be made to the use of proteins in nano-fabrication [492]. One approach is illustrated by the fabrication of a 1-nm-thick metal film with 15-nm-diameters holes, periodically arranged on a triangular protein lattice [493]. Advantage was taken of the 10-nm-thick, uniformly porous surface (or S) layer of the crystalline protein obtained from the thermophilic bacterium Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. The protein was adsorbed from a dilute solution onto a molecularly smooth carbon-film surface, metal coated by evaporation, and ion milled to give spatial ordering of holes with the same nanometer periodicity as the protein lattice [493]. 

Yaklichkin, S.Y. Zimina, M.S. Neumyvakin, L.V, Proline biosynthesis gene proB of thermophilic bacterium Thermus ruber cloning, sequencing, and properties of encoded y-glutamylphosphate kinase. Mol. Biol., 33, 628-635 (1999)... 

Base Pairing in DNA In samples of DNA isolated from two unidentified species of bacteria, X and Y, adenine makes up 32% and 17%, respectively, of the total bases. What relative proportions of adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine would you expect to find in the two DNA samples What assumptions have you made One of these species was isolated from a hot spring (64 °C). Suggest which species is the thermophilic bacterium. What is the basis for your answer ... 

FIGURE 25-8 Large (Klenow) fragment of DNA polymerase I. This polymerase is widely distributed in bacteria. The Klenow fragment, produced by proteolytic treatment of the polymerase, retains the polymerization and proofreading activities of the enzyme. The Klenow fragment shown here is from the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus (PDB ID 3BDP). The active site for addition of nucleotides is deep in the crevice at the far end of the bound DNA. The dark blue strand is the template. 

The most compelling experiments were performed by Noji et al.202 257-260 They prepared the a3P3y subcomplex of ATPase from a thermophilic bacterium. 

The results of the temperature dependence of the reaction rates of the enantiomers of secondary alcohols with a secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (SADE1) from the thermophilic bacterium Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus demonstrated a temperature-dependent reversal of stereospecificity (Pham, 1990) (Figure 5.16). At T < 26°C, (S)-2-butanol was a better substrate than (i )-2-butanol on the basis of kCSLt/KM values however, at T> 26°C, (R)-2-butanol was a better substrate than (S)-2-butanol. (S)-2-Pentanol was the preferred substrate at T < 60°C however, the data predict that (i )-2-pentanol would be preferred at T > 70°C. (S)-2-Elexanol was predicted to be the preferred enantiomer only at T > 240°C. Therefore, the concept of isoinversion temperature is as valid for enzyme reactions as for others only the range of catalytically accessible temperatures is smaller. 

Methyl coenzyme M reductase has been extracted from strains of the thermophilic bacterium M. thermoautotrophicum and intensively studied. When isolated, it contains both CoM and CoB [111,112], The enzyme is irreversibly inactivated by oxygen. Even when extracted anaerobically it loses activity within a few hours [113], producing the inactive, EPR-silent state MCRSI C1 1 in which the nickel is presumably Ni(II). 

The 2.8 A resolution crystal structure of the arginase from the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus caldevelox [112] reveals a hexameric structure with at least one Mn2+ bound per subunit. The 2.1 A resolution structure of rat liver arginase, reported recently [81], reveals it to be trimeric, with the overall fold of the arginase monomer belonging to the a/p protein class. The Mn"Mnn aggregate, shown in Figure 24, is found at the bottom of a 15 A active-site cleft. 

Kamata, H Akiyama, S., Morosawa, H., Ohta, T Hamamoto, T Kambe, T., Kagawa, Y Hirata, H. (1992). Primary structure of the alanine carrier of thermophilic bacterium PS3. J. Biol. Chem. 267,21650-21655. 

Va),"3 Bacillus megaterium (Bm),114 Thermophilic bacterium PS3 (PS3),"5 and bovine heart (mitochondria bom)"6 were aligned. Positions with identical amino acid residues in all ATPase are indicated by asterisks. 

Fig. 10. Sequence alignment of subtilisins S41, SSII, S39, BPN, E, Carlsberg, and thermitase. Thermitase is an homologous subtilisin-like protease from the thermophilic bacterium Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. Residues conserved in four or more of the sequences are shaded. The positions of mutations discovered during the directed evolution of the various subtilisins are indicated above the alignment. E-subtilisin E, F-subtilisin S41, S-subtilisin SSII, B-subtilisin BPN. Active site residues are indicated (A).

Aono S, Bentrop D, Bertini I, Donaire A, Luchinat C. Solution structure of the oxidized Fe7S8 ferredoxin from the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus schlegelii by H NMR spectroscopy. Biochemistry 1998 37 9812-26. 

Repeated cycles of heat denaturation, primer annealing, and enzymatic synthesis specifically increase the amount of target sequences up to 10 -fold after approximately 20-40 cycles. A recent modification of the technique has incorporated the DNA polymerase of the thermophilic bacterium, Thermus aouaticus. which resists heat inactivation during the denaturation cycles (42). The PCR technique, although quite simple in theory, will undoubtedly improve the potential sensitivity of NAHA for a variety of pathogens. 

The heat-stable DNA polymerase (Taq) commonly used in PCR reactions was isolated from a thermophilic bacterium, Thermus aquaticus. Since this enzyme is heat-stable, it can withstand the high temperatures required to denature the DNA template after each successive round of polymerization... 

Kato R, Hasegawa K, Hidaka Y, Kuramitsu S, Hoshino T (1997) Characterization of a Thermostable DNA Photolyase from an Extremely Thermophilic Bacterium, Thermus thermophilus HB27,/. Bacterial. 179, No. 

The DNA polymerase enzyme can now extend the primers and complete the replication of the rest of the DNA. The enzyme used in PCR is derived from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus, which grows naturally in hot springs at a temperature of 90 °C, so is not denatured by the high temperatures in step 2. Its optimum temperature is about 72 °C, so the mixture is heated to this temperature for a few minutes to allow replication to take place as quickly as possible. 

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