Thermal performance data

Ai asteh, D. Selkowitz, S. and Hartmann, J. (1985). Detailed Thermal Performance Data on Conventional and Highly Insulating Window Systems. ASHRAE Transactions 91(1). 

The DSC heating curves of pure PP and composite materials filled with different amounts of calcium carbonate whiskers are shown in Figure 6.19. The cooling curves are shown in Figure 6.20 both the heating rate and cooling rate are 20°C/ minute. The thermal performance data are shown in Table 6.6. 

The methods used In this optimization and the derivation of the physics data and thermal performance data are described in other papers to this conference (refs 1, 2). 

Performance data on some typical tray and compartment diyers are tabulated in Table 12-10. These indicate that an overall rate of evaporation of 0.0025 to 0.025 kg water/(s m") of tray area may be expected from tray and tray-truck diyers. The thermal efficiency of this type of diyer will vary from 20 to 50 percent, depending on the diying temperature used and the humidity of the exhaust air. In diying to very low moisture contents under temperature restrictions, the thermal efficiency may be in the order of 10 percent. The major operating cost for a tray diyer is the labor involved in loading and unloading the trays. About two labor-hours are required to load and unload a standard two-truck tray diyer. In addition, about one-third to one-fifth of a... 

Table 15.2 gives performance data for typical industrial type schemes using thermal power plant in a condensing steam cycle. These do not operate strictly in the simple cycle mode as varying degrees of feed heating are employed. However, overall they convey the basic cycle conditions that the industrial user would encounter and give efficiencies that can be expected. 

Data on thermal performance are not readily available on all heat exchangers because of the proprietary nature of the machines. To exemplify typical thermal data, heat transfer can best be described by a Dittus-Boelter type equation ... 

Thermal Analysis - Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the thermal properties of the polymers synthesized. DSC analysis was performed on a Perkin-Elmer Differential Scanning Calorimeter, Model 2C with a thermal analysis data station. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out on a DuPont thermal gravimeter, Model 951. From the DSC and TGA plots of poly (N-pheny 1-3,4-dimethylene-... 

Since 1995, the sparks solvent/fuel site located in Sparks, Nevada, a remediation system consisting of MPE, air sparging, and SVE, has been operational. The treatment system consists of 29 MPE wells, an oil-water separator, and a fluidized bed bioreactor, with an influent flow rate of 23.3 L/s (370 gpm) and a retention time of 8 min. Vapors are sent through a condenser, followed by a thermal oxidizer, before its release to the atmosphere. Condensate is sent back through the oil-water separator. Performance data, available for the first 650 days of site operation, showed a reduction in MTBE concentration across the bioreactor from 2400 to 55 pg/L. No data were provided for reduction of MTBE concentrations in the aquifer.51... 

Although a variety of methods are available for determination of 1,4-dichlorobenzene in blood, few are well characterized and validated. A method has been developed which utilizes headspace purge followed by thermal desorption of the trapped, purged analytes. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene is then determined by capillary GC/MS (Michael et al. 1980 Pellizzari et al. 1985). Recovery is very good (>85%) and detection limits are in the low-ppb range for model compounds (Michael et al. 1980 Pellizzari et al. 1985). Performance data are not available for 1,4-dichlorobenzene. A sensitive and reliable method for identification and quantitation of 1,4-dichlorobenzene in samples of whole blood has been developed by Ashley and coworkers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (Ashley et al. 1992). 

Ambient air samples are collected on adsorbents such as Tenax (Wallace 1987), or multisorbent (Heavner et al. 1992 Oliver et al. 1996), or in passivated canisters (EPA 1988a). Tenax traps are thermally desorbed, concentrated cryogenically, and analyzed by capillary GC/MS (Wallace et al. 1987). Recovery is good (81-110%), precision for side-by-side samples is acceptable (9-45% RSD), and the detection limit is 1 g/m (Wallace 1987). Multisorbent traps may be solvent desorbed and analyzed by capillary GC/MS. Recovery and precision are good and detection limits as low as 0.019 ppb have been reported (Oliver et al. 1996). Collection of air samples in passivated stainless steel canisters is also widely utilized (EPA 1988a), but performance data are unavailable. Passive sampling devices are also widely used, due in part to their ease of use and small size (Lewis et al. 1985). 

TATB/Kel-F800 (90/10 wt.%) is best in terms of thermal stability coupled with a respectable performance [200]. Similarly, PBXs based on TATB, HMX and Kel-F800 are available, and sensitivity data on TATB/HMX-based PBXs clearly show that insensitivity rapidly decreases with increasing HMX content, even at relatively low levels of HMX. Evidently, some trade-off must be made between VOD and safety [201] (Table 2.5). Further, sensitivity and thermal test data (Table 2.6) also indicate that TATB-based formulations rank as the most insensitive explosive formulations [202]. 

Through circulation dryers employ perforated or open screen bottom tray construction and have baffles that force the air through the bed. Superficial velocities of 150 ft/min are usual, with pressure drops of 1 in. or so of water. If it is not naturally granular, the material may be preformed by extrusion, pelleting, or briquetting so that it can be dried in this way. Drying rates are greater than in cross flow. Rates of 0.2-2 lb/(hr)(sqft tray area) and thermal efficiencies of 50% are realized. Table 9.7(d) has performance data. 

In 1974 the Atlantic City Electric Co. placed Unit 3 of its B L England Station into commercial operation. Condenser cooling for the unit is provided by circulating sea water in a closed-cycle, natural-draft system. The cooling tower selected for the site was a hyperbolic, counterflow unit. The thermal test instrumentation procedures and test data as well as drift measurement results are given. The paper indicates that the tower operates within design specifications for thermal performance and that it meets the environmental criteria regarding the drift. 

Performance. So far, the deep-basin still has been operated only under batch-type control—that is, without continuous blowdown or heat exchange to the incoming sea water. In determining the performance of the still, incident solar radiation and distillate production are measured daily. From this information, the specific production in gallons per square foot per day and the thermal efficiency can be determined. In addition to the daily collection of performance data, hourly collections are made during periodic energy- and mass-balance runs. 

Published performance data [38-42] indicate the high development status already reached Volume-specific productivity values up to 750 iNHi/lit./h = 2,3 kWiHv.mf lit. and overall thermal efficiency values from 80 to 90 % have been reported for gas generation processes including feed preheating, gas generation and purification. Unfortunately, no further details are available about reactor design and the process conditions except for very few of them. 

With the aim of gathering detailed mechanical and thermal input data for micro- to mesoscopic modelling of frictional brake systems, characterisation of a brake pad with a strongly simplified formulation was performed by means of SFM. The study encompasses a thermal and various mechanical contrasts [215]. The manifold mechanical contrasts obtained with one experimental set-up allow some cross-checks and correlations to be performed among the available images, thus facilitating data interpretation. 

Consolidated data on the mechanical, electrical and thermal performance of these composites reported by different authors is compiled in Table 7.1. 

The author would like to acknowledge the support and technical help from Dr. Peter Robrish in performing computer modeling of the thermal profile data. The discussion and useful information supplied by Dr. Robert Wopschall is deeply appreciated. The technical assistance from Mr. Marshall Goins and Mr. Philip Avery is gratefully acknowledged. 

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