Thermal data collection

Several research groups concurrently prepared the same series of metal-free and copper complexes " of octaalkoxy substituted phthalocyanines ((1) M = 2H, Cu, R = OC H2 +i, = 5-14, 18 thermal data collected in Table 3). They observed mesomorphism for all the free-base... 

Improvements to the model have been made by Lawson et al. [44-46]. The improvements use estimates of thermal conductivity, specific heat and thermo-optical properties (transmittance, reflectance and absorptance) obtained from the thermal data collected from the testing of a variety of fabrics typically used in fire fighters protective clothing. A detailed mathematic model is developed to study transient heat and moisture transfer through multilayered fabric assemblies with or without air gaps. First principles are used to derive the governing equations for transient heat and moisture transfer. The equations also account for the effect of moisture on thermodynamic and transport properties. Numerical simulations are used to study heat and mass transfer. A software tool (Protective Clothing Performanee... 

A powerhouse (thermal) application is the most stringent application, as discussed in Section 7.19. Based on field data collected from various installations by different agencies the general insulation failures observed may be attributed to the following. 

The Swedish Thermal Power Reliability Data System (ATV) is maintained and managed by the Swedish State Power Board at Stockholm, Sweden. Engineering and reliability data have been collected from both nuclear and nonnuclear power generating plants. Nuclear data collection began in 1973. Collection of reliability data began in 1976. Over 30,000 events have been recorded in the data base. 

Snee, T.J., Barcons, C., Hernandez, H., and Zaldivar, J.M., 1992, J. Thermal Analysis, 38, 2729. Sdrensen, J.M. and Arit, W.. 1980, Liquid-Liquid Equilibria Data Collection. Vol. V. Part 3 Ternary and Quaternary Systems , DECHEMA Chemistry Data, Dechema, Frankfurt. 

Nitromalonamide was synthesized according to Hantzsch [10]. Single crystals were grown by evaporation from a methoxy-ethanol solution. The crystal used for data collection was glued to a few carbon fibres stuck on a copper wire for better thermal... 

The role of the Pt-Ba interaction in the mechanism of adsorption of NO species was also studied by a kinetic model reported in the literature [16]. The model, which consists of 10 elementary reversible steps, is based on the oxidation of NO to N02 over Pt and on the storage of N02 over Ba, and it was used to simulate the data collected over both the physical mixture and the ternary Pt-Ba/y-Al203 1/20/100 w/w sample. A spillover reaction between Pt and Ba oxide sites has also been included in the model to account for the observed lower thermal stability of Ba-nitrates in the presence of Pt [16]. Essentially, the model assumes that the adsorption of NO proceeds through the nitrate route and does not consider the nitrite route. 

Crystal data and parameters of the data collection (at -173°, 50 < 20 < 450) are shown in Table I. A data set collected on a parallelopiped of dimensions 0.09 x 0.18 x 0.55 mm yielded the molecular structure with little difficulty using direct methods and Fourier techniques. Full matrix refinement using isotropic thermal parameters converged to R = 0.I7. Attempts to use anisotropic thermal parameters, both with and without an absorption correction, yielded non-positive-definite thermal parameters for over half of the atoms and the residual remained at ca. 0.15. 

From the data collected by CSB, 35 percent of the 167 incidents are attributed to runaway reaction hazards. CCPS (1995a, Ch. 2 1995b, Ch. 3), HSE (2000 pp. 15-28), and IChemE (Barton and Rogers, 1997 pp. 20-45) offer guidance on methods for identifying thermal hazards such as runaway reactions. 

Laboratory furnaces. Several types of furnaces are used in the laboratory these are often available as commercial rigs, generally equipped with more or less sophisticated temperature measurement and control devices. As an alternative, a lab-made or commercial furnace and its temperature measuring devices may be connected to a multi-channel data acquisition/actuator/switch unit, to be programmed by a personal computer, in order to plan and carry out thermal treatments, to collect and retrieve measured thermal data, etc. 

Yoon and Chae28 have described the DCA-induced photochemical conversion of the cyclopentadiene derivatives 63 into several products. However, only the awri-Bredt adduct 64 is different from those obtained by thermal activation. The experimental data collected have implicated a triplex intermediate 65 in the formation of 64. This triplex is the result of interaction between the diene, the non-conjugated alkene component and the sensitizer. While a mixture of cyclopentadienes was used, it is likely that the products 64 are formed exclusively from the 2-isomer 66. 

Particle tracking also produced trajectory paths of the Pt/Au nanorods based on displacement data collected for the head and tail of each nanorod. The head is defined as the direction in which the nanorod moves. The trajectory paths clearly distinguish the motion of a Pt/Au nanorod from that of a Brownian colloidal cylinder moving under the influence of thermal energy (Fig. 3.1). In addition, the trajectory path helps visualize some of the defined physical parameters. 

Early studies, which did not include many high-order reflections, revealed systematic differences between spherical-atom X-ray- and neutron-temperature factors (Coppens 1968). Though the spherical-atom approximation of the X-ray treatment is an important contributor to such discrepancies, differences in data-collection temperature (for studies at nonambient temperatures) and systematic errors due to other effects cannot be ignored. For instance, thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) is different for neutrons and X-rays. As the effect of TDS on the Bragg intensities can be mimicked by adjustment of the thermal parameters, systematic differences may occur. Furthermore, since neutron samples must be... 

The DSC thermogram of isoxsuprine HCl was obtained using a DuPont TA-9900 thermal analyzer system, interfaced to the DuPont data collection system. The curve shown in Figure 2 was recorded Ifom 100 to 250°C,... 

As anticipated, lower temperature increases the number of observations from an X-ray diffraction data collection (at constant radiation dose). This is however just one of the advantages that could improve a structure solution or a refinement. In fact, a reduced thermal motion usually implies a more reliable standard model, given that for smaller atomic displacements the harmonic approximation is more appropriate and less correlation is found between variables within a least squares refinement. This returns higher precision of the parameters calculated from those variables (for example bond distances, bond angles, etc.). 

As shown by the data collected in Table 1, the extent of ureido acids formation depends on the nature of the attacking amine (24) for more basic amines it seems to be more pronounced. It requires a higher activation energy than the addition to the 5-CO group and, therefore, this type of termination becomes more significant at elevated temperatures, e. g. in the thermal bulk polymerisation of molten NCA s which yields polypeptides virtually devoid of free oc-amino groups. 

The thermal data on possible condis crystals are collected in Table 8. Substantial entropy gains are observed at the disordering transition, but variations are large, depending on the amount of conformational mobility gained. When compared to the total entropy of fusion, the listed entropies of disordering vary from 30 %, for polytetrafluoroethylene, to close to 100% for the polyphosphazenes. 

This instrument was designed to yield information intermediate between the ARC and the DSC. A sample of 0.2-0.5 g is loaded into a tube-like container and placed into the device (larger sample sizes may be used at slower scan rates). A thermocouple is connected to the outside of the tube and the cell is fitted with a pressure transducer. A similar, empty cell in the same oven with thermocouple serves as a thermal reference. The oven is heated at a slow, linear rate (0.5 to 1 °C/min), and the pressure and differential thermal data are collected. The data are presented in a fashion similar to DSC - Heat Rate (mW) vs. Temperature (°C). The thermal data are enthalpically calibrated by means of a series of standards (cahbration at high heat rates may be non-linear). Detection of thermal events approaches the sensitivity of the ARC. 

Koers, J. M. (2008). Selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode data collection using the laser diode thermal desorption (LDTD) source to increase sensitivity. In Proceedings of the 56th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics. ASMS, Denver, CO. 

The required data are reviewed in detail in Section 1.4. In order to be economic and efficient, the data collection is accompanied by their interpretation in terms of risks. This allows adapting the amount and accuracy of the data to the risk. This procedure is illustrated in the example of thermal data in Section 3.4. 

Value extrapolated from thermally activated behavior at very h Data collected in a rigid glass. 

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