The Service Requirements

In its simplest form, a business case evaluates the viability of introducing an additional amount of an existing service into an established market three examples are 

In many cases there may be a complicating factor that is not related to the nature or type of the service, but to its timeliness the market presents a window of opportunity. While this does not make the service in itself more complex, it results in a significant increase in the complexity of the engineering process, as we will discuss in Ch. C2. 

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Work Performed in Pumping To cause liquid to flow, work must be expended. A pump may raise the liquid to a higher elevation, force it into a vessel at higher pressure, provide the head to overcome pipe friction, or perform any combination of these. Regardless of the service required of a pump, all energy imparted to the liquid in performing this sei vice must be accounted for consistent units for all quantities must be employed in arriving at the work or power performed. 

For the design condition, F-factor is 2.08 n l/sfkg/m ), or about 76 percent of flood. The proposed column is entirely adequate for the service required. 

The services required for the new industrial operation must usually tie into the existing infrastructure. 

The range of special flooring materials available is very wide and, to many, extremely confusing. Specifiers, however, will find that if they carefully list all the service requirements for the flooring, members should be able to recommend and apply suitable products for most service conditions. 

Figure 23.9 illustrates the services required for a boiler. The individual items are covered separately in other sections and only the general concept is being considered here. 

The guidance notes can be produced either as a composite handbook containing task instmctions for all types of plant and equipment for each trade group, or as specific task/advice notes for each asset of the service requirements of the plant equipment. When used, the handbook method provides the necessary work instructions for all similar types of plant and equipment throughout the location. This method of operation reduces the number of task/advice notes issued and therefore the system s workload, as well as the demands placed on the administration of the system. Either method eliminates the requirement of entering work instmctions, etc. on the work docket/advice notes before they are issued. 

To illustrate the correct approach, consider applications in which a material is used in sheet form, as in automotive body panels, and suppose that the service requirements are for stiffness and strength in flexure. First imagine four panels with identical dimensions that were manufactured from the four materials given in Table 3-1. Their flexural stiffnesses and strengths depend directly on the respective material s modulus and strength. All the other factors are shared in common with the other materials, there being no significantly different Poisson ratios. Thus, the relative panel properties are identical with the relative material properties illustrated in Fig. 3-3. Obviously, the metal panels will be stiffer and... 

The dielectric materials interact with the electrical fields and alter the characteristics of the electrical field. In some cases this is desirable and in others it is deleterious to the operation of the system and must be minimized. This is done by both the selection of the material and the configuration of the dielectric. To see how these concepts are applied, an example is presented of one of the major applications of plastics materials, i.e., to insulate wires, and show how a dielectric is designed to meet the service requirements. The specific requirements on a standard wire are ... 

Tests and evaluations were conducted on the tank that had been twenty-five years in the ground and also on similarly constructed tanks unearthed at five and a half and seven and a half years that showed the RP tanks could more than meet the service requirements. Table 7-16 provides factual, useful data from these tests. 

Assume that a boiler feed water is being pumped at 180 °F. Read the chart in Figure 3-46 and the water vapor pressure curve, and follow over to read NPSH reduction = 0.45 feet. A pump selected for the service requires 6 feel cold water service NPSHR ... 

Pyrex Corning No. 7740) adheres well to tungsten oxides and will ve a vacuum-tight seal with this metal provided the joint is made carefully. The seal is mismatched and an upper limit to the chameter of tungsten rod that will give a satisfactory joint is 0-5-1 mm. The exact figure varies the most important factor is probably the severity of the service requirements. 

The flow-sheet is drawn up from material balances made over the complete process and each individual unit. Energy balances are also made to determine the energy flows and the service requirements. 

To avoid cluttering up the flow-sheet, it is not normal practice to show the service headers and lines on the process flow-sheet. The service connections required on each piece of equipment should be shown and labelled. The service requirements for each piece of equipment can be tabulated on the flow-sheet. 

The servicing requirements are clearly dehned, reviewed, and approved by authorized personnel to ensure they have been conducted successfully. 

Over the past few years a number of studies have been made of the use of lead-acid batteries for load levelling. The service required is very similar to that of traction batteries except that energy density is less important than cycle efficiency. 

The design engineer must have a clear picture of the service requirements of the plant, which presuppose knowledge of ... 

In those cases where even a short exposure to the atmosphere is harmful, the recrystallisation and filtration processes may be carried out in a nitrogen-filled manipulator glove box (available, for example, from Gallenkamp, Miller-Howe) which has been adapted to accommodate the services required for a normal recrystallisation procedure. The size of the glove box itself and the dimensions of the outlet panels will naturally limit the scale on which recrystallisation can be carried out in this manner. 

Describe the conditions under which the calibration must take place and identify the services required. 

This is the diesel classification adopted in December 1990 and describes oils for use in high speed, four-stroke diesel engines. The newest diesel classification, at this time, is CF-4, which exceeds the service requirements of CE category. 

Continuing the policies of assigning police officer personnel, without physical science qualifications, to the scientific units of police agencies cannot improve the quality of any of the services required of the police. The fact that such policies have been followed by police agencies in this country has inhibited the utilization of the skills and expertise of physical scientists of many specialities and the application of scientific knowledge and instrumentation to the criminal justice system. 

Other causes of functional depreciation could be (1) change in demand for the service rendered by the property, such as a decrease in the demand for the product involved because of saturation of the market, (2) shift of population center, (3) changes in requirements of public authority, (4) inadequacy or insufficient capacity for the service required, (5) termination of the need for the ty pe of service rendered, and (6) abandonment of the enterprise. Although some of these situations may be completely unrelated to the property itself, it is convenient to group them all under the heading of functional depreciation. 

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