The Scientific Basis

1 Structure, Composition, Stability, and Thermal Expansion of High-Quartz and Keatite-Type Alumino-Silicates 

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Ion Flotation and Foam Separation. Ions and dissolved surfactant molecules can be removed from solutions by the agency of foam. In this case ions are sandwiched in foam films. The scientific basis of these processes is weU understood and successes of metal ion recovery from solutions including U, Pt, Au, as weU as different surfactants (detergents) have been reported in the Hterature. 

M. A. Altieri, A.groecolog, The Scientific Basis ofiA.ltemative A.griculture, Division of Biological Control, University of California, Berkeley, 1983. 

Committee on the Scientific Basis of the Nation s Meat and Poultry Inspection Program, Meat and Poultry Inspection, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1985, pp. 44—47. 

The scientific basis of extractive metallurgy is inorganic physical chemistry, mainly chemical thermodynamics and kinetics (see Thermodynamic properties). Metallurgical engineering reties on basic chemical engineering science, material and energy balances, and heat and mass transport. Metallurgical systems, however, are often complex. Scale-up from the bench to the commercial plant is more difficult than for other chemical processes. 

S. Fded and co-workers, in G. J. M. McCarthy, ed.. The Scientific Basis of Nuclear Waste Management, Matedals Research Society, Plenum Press, New York, 1979, pp. 655-664. 

Although methanol from synthesis gas has been a large-scale industrial chemical for 70 years, the scientific basis of the manufacture apparently can stand some improvement, which was undertaken by Beenackers, Graaf, and Stamhiiis (in Gheremisinoff, ed., Handbook of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 3, Gulf, 1989, pp. 671—699). The process occurs at 50 to 100 atm with catalyst of oxides of Gii-Zn-Al and a feed stream of H2, GO, and GO2. Three reactions were taken for the process ... 

Ives, K.J. "Capture Mechanisms in Filtration", The Scientific Basis Of Filtration, Noordhoff Int. Publish. Co., Leyden, pp.55,93, 1975. 

The Royal Society (London), The Greenhouse Effect the scientific basis for policy. Submission to the House of Lords Select Committee, 40 pp. (1989). See also Global Climate Change, Information Pamphlet (12 pp.) i.ssued by the American Chemical Society (1990) B. Hileman, Global Warming, Chem. Eng. News, April 27, 7-19 (1992) and references cited therein. 

Probiotics the Scientific Basis. R. Fuller (Ed.), Chapman Hall, London, 1992. 

At the practical level, an ideal mechanistic biomarker should be simple to use, sensitive, relatively specific, stable, and usable on material that can be obtained by nondestructive sampling (e.g., blood or skin). A tall order, no doubt, and no biomarker yet developed has all of these attributes. However, the judicious use of combinations of biomarkers can overcome the shortcomings of individual assays. The main point to emphasize is that the resources so far invested in the development of biomarker technology for environmental risk assessment has been very small (cf the investment in biomarkers for use in medicine). Knowledge of toxic mechanisms of organic pollutants is already substantial (especially of pesticides), and it grows apace. The scientific basis is already there for technological advance it all comes down to a question of investment. 

MAZUR w and adlercreutz h (1998) Natural and anthropogenic environmental oestrogens the scientific basis for risk assessment. Naturally occurring oestrogens in food. Pure Appl Chem. 70 (2) 1759-76. 

The safety of a diet could be defined as the overall risk-benefit of consuming that diet over a lifetime. This concept is not one that is applied in determining the safety of a chemical in food. Safety is almost invariably considered as the absence, or minimisation, of risk and not as the maximisation of benefit. Consequently, the scientific basis for regulating food chemicals is based on principles that were developed for assessing the risks posed by pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals, and minimising these, rather than for maximising the benefits. 

IPCC, 2001. Climate Change 2001. The Scientific Basis, http //www.ipcc.ch. 

What was the scientific basis for these chemical-imbalance theories As I noted above, norepinephrine and serotonin are now known to be neurotransmitters - chemicals that transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another. But in the 1950s knowledge of neurotransmission was sketchy at best. The presence of norepinephrine in the nervous system was not demonstrated until 1954, and evidence that dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter was not reported until 1958. As late as i960 the idea that neurotransmission is largely chemical in nature, though advocated by a group of largely British scientists, was not yet widely accepted.10... 

From the days of Nobel to about 1950 the scientific basis of commercial explosives remained relatively unchanged, although continuous and numerous improvements in manufacturing methods occurred throughout the world. There were, however, many advances in military explosives, note of which will be made later. These advances were, of course, largely due to the two world wars, which occurred since the death of Alfred Nobel. There were also many advances in the development of permitted explosives designed for use in gassy coal mines. 

Elucidate the entire complex interactive chemistry of our biosphere— the atmosphere, the earth, and its lakes, rivers, and oceans—and provide the scientific basis for policies that preserve our environment. 

Herbes, S.E., Southworth, G.R., Shaeffer, D.L., Griest, W.H., Maskarinec, M.P (1980) Critical pathways of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic environments. In The Scientific Basis of Toxicity Assessment. Witschi, H. Editor, pp. 113-128, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam. 

Walker, C. and Royston, D. 2002. Thrombin generation and its inhibition a review of the scientific basis and mechanism of action of anticoagulant therapies. British Journal of anaesthesia 88(6), 848-863. 

Felter, S.P., et al., An evaluation of the scientific basis for default uncertainty factors for use in quantitative risk assessment of the induction of allergic contact dermatitis, Contact Derm. Al, 257-266, 2002. 

These recommendations are intended to amplify and explain the statutory chemistry requirements for indirect food additive petitions. The science and technology of food-packaging and food-contact articles as well as the scientific basis for evaluating exposure to indirect food additives are continually evolving. Therefore, for the most current information go directly to http // vm.cfsan.fda. gov/ drns/opa-cg5. html... 

In the introductory section to each chapter, there is a brief explanation of the scientific basis of the topic and this is followed by a discussion of the analytical methods which are relevant. While it is not intended that it should be a book of recipes , technical details for many of the methods described are given. This will help those readers with no practical experience to appreciate the steps involved in the analysis while at the same time giving sufficient detail for the method to be developed in practice. It is intended that the book will provide enough information to enable a student to select a technique or series of techniques which would be appropriate for a particular analytical problem and to be able to develop a valid and reliable analytical method. 

Gregory, J. Interfacial phenomena, in The Scientific Basis of Filtration, ed. K. J. Ives (Noordhoff, Leyden, 1975). 

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