The National Institute for Environmental

We happily acknowledge Dr. Tom Darden from the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences for access to and help in parallelizing PME. 

In Wolf WR, ed. Biological Reference Materials, pp. 109-140. John Wiley Sons New York. Okamoto K and Fuwa K (1985) Certified reference material program at the National Institute for Environmental Studies. Anal Sd 1 206-207. 

Research for this book was funded by a grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (lead institute), the National Human Genome Research Institute, and the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health. I want to thank, in particular, Dr. Rochelle Long, of the NIGMS, for her commitment to the exploration of these issues as well as her support and substantive contributions. 

Recent reports from the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute for Environmental Health Services in the USA state that at least 20% of all cancer in the United States may be job-related... 

The National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) of the Environment Agency of Japan is a well-established producer of biological and environmental CRMs. In this context, in 1991 Okamoto described the preparation of the multi-elemental CRM NIES 10 Unpolished Rice Flour [25], Unpolished rice, instead of polished rice, was selected as the raw material for this CRM since the former was used as a test material for environmental contamination. In fact, unpolished... 

All reagents were of analytical grade unless otherwise mentioned. CRMs (marine sediment and mussel tissue), supplied by the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Japan were used. Results obtained in the analysis of these CRMs are shown in Table 6.3. The results obtained were compared through one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). 

Measurements, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (EC-JRC-IRMM), the National Research Council (NRC), Canada, the Laboratory of the Government Chemist (LGC), UK, and the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan. 

DNT is considered nonclastogenic in the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) database, following tests for chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster lung and/or CHO cells but can cause chromatid exchanges in the same cells [44], Furthermore, DNT isomers (2,3-DNT,... 

The ISO Council on Reference Materials (REMCO) has identified more than 170 RM producers worldwide for the various fields of analyses. Two main bodies - the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, USA) and the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM, European Commission, Belgium), successor of BCR (which is now a trade mark for materials produced by IRMM) - cover several fields and ensure long-term availability of the CRMs due to the large batches of materials produced. Other producers specialize in a particular field of interest, e.g., the National Research Council of Canada (NRCC, Canada), the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES, Japan), the IAEA Marine Environment Laboratory (Monaco), etc., specialize in marine analysis. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA, Austria) mainly provides materials for nuclear measurements but also supplies RMs for non-nuclear analyses. 

In order to validate speciation methods more effectively, a number of certified reference materials (CRMs) have been produced to allow laboratories to measure the accuracy of their techniques. A range of sediment and biota materials are available such as the sediment materials PACS-2 from the National Research Council of Canada, NIES-12 from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan and the CRM-462 from Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), EU. These materials have been rigorously homogeneity and stability tested and the levels of organotins have been certified by a range of techniques utilizing either definitive methods or multiple independent methods. 

NIES, Japan Report of special research from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan. SR-29- 99. (1999)... 

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