The Generation of Ideas

Free ranging, non analytical techniques for the generation of new ideas are the most successful. 

In R D there are some problems which need to be answered within fixed parameters and therefore restrictions have to be placed not only on the number ideas which can worked upon but also how far those ideas can stray from known pathways. However, there are many other occasions when there are no or very few restrictions placed on the ideas which can be followed in order to resolve a problem. 

The generation of new ideas is key to opening up the vista for innovative research, so any methodology which helps the process is welcome and valuable. Over the last forty years an extensive and growing list of techniques for creative thinking have been devised, as illustrated in Table C2 [C-12]. 

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Conceptual design—the generation of ideas for new processes (process synthesis) and their translation into an initial design. This stage includes preliminaiy cost estimates to assess the potential profitability of the process, as well as analyses of process safety and environmental considerations. 

The generation of ideas for possible solutions to a design problem cannot be separated from the selection stage of the design process some ideas will be rejected as impractical as soon as they are conceived. 

A review on using the Internet for pollution prevention was published by Scott Butner (1997) at the Battelle Seattle Research Center. All of these resources can be used to help prepare a brainstorming team for the generation of ideas. 

Creative thinking and the generation of ideas need to he stimulated at both the individual and company level. 

KiUer ideas is a highly adaptable tool designed to stimulate the generation of ideas by posing a series of provocative questions in a workshop setting. The killer... 

A typical substructure search with BISCUBE lasts about 30 min up to a few hours for less specific queries. Thus, it provides easy access to a huge space of synthesizable compounds optimized for combinatorial chemistry for the generation of ideas and for the design of project-related combinatorial libraries. 

The generation of ideas is tantamount to brainstorming. Just as in brainstorming, when ideas are being generated, there are no bad ideas. They will be screened in the next step, selection. Ideas can be sought from a variety of sources, including, but not limited to, members of the product development team, potential customers, and published literature. If there is a time for pie in the slq, it is at this step. 

When NGT is applied, a facilitator/coordinator presents the issue in question to the participants (nominal group) for the generation of ideas, solutions, etc., as the case may be. Initially, the participants list their opinions without interacting with each other. Their opinions are pooled together and displayed by canceling out the repetitions. Finally, the most important points are selected after voting. 

The generation of radicals from lipids appear to be dependent on the abstraction of hydrogen by other radicals. Consistent with this idea is the observation that either lipid peroxidation or anoxia can cause a release of free arachidonic acid fix>m culture cells, and this release can be blocked by antioxidants (Braughler et al., 1985, 1988). 

The antibody-catalyzed Diels-Alder reaction developed by Schultz utilized a Diel-Alderase enzyme-like catalyst evolved from an antibody-combining site (Eq. 12.13). The idea is that the generation of antibodies to a structure that mimics the transition state for the Diels-Alder reaction should result in an antibody-combining site that lowers the entropy of activation by binding both the diene and dienophile in a reactive conformation. 

Inflammation and autoimmunity often are associated with the destruction of bone, but the molecular link between these two processes had long been unclear. The role of bone in the generation of immune system cells is evident since they are formed in the marrow housed within the bone however, the role of these cells on bone is not so clear. RANKL and RANK were described initially in activated T-cells and in dendritic cells, respectively, where they have functions in the regulation of cellular lifespan and immunomodulation (Anderson et al. 1997 Wong et al. 1997). Recently the term osteoimmunology has been coined to describe the link between the immune system and bone (Arron et a. 2000). Several data support this idea ... 

Such was the alchemistic view of the generation of the metals a theory which is admittedly cmde, but which, nevertheless, contains the germ of a great principle of the utmost importance, namely, the idea that all the varying forms of matter are evolved from some one primordial stuff — a principle of which chemical science lost sight for awhile, for its validity was unrecognised by Dalton s Atomic Theory (at least, as enunciated by him). 

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