The Fively Organization

These correlations are presumed to include the effect of pressure, because the density group is essentially a pressure factor. The correlations are probably not general, because they omit variables such as surface tension, the type of solid, and the geometric arrangement. Another weakness is that the burnout data for the five organic liquids are estimates (and reported so) by Cichelli and Bonilla (C2). These researchers did not heat their surface to destruction. Thus the accuracy of the maximum q/A values is unknown. 

Congratulations to the recipients of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry The five Organic Highlights columns for the month of October will be devoted to organic synthesis applications of alkene metathesis. 

When the same scheme was applied to the sub-set of the five organic compounds, the improvement achieved by the rounding of the data was far less pronounced. The number of incomparabilities was reduced from 116 to 114 the number of levels remained 4 and that of the isolated objects re-... 

Table 11.1 gives i and r for water at T = 273 K and 298 K as a function of S. As expected, we see that as 5 increases both i and r decrease. Table 11.2 contains surface tension and density data for five organic molecules, and values of i and r for these five substances at T = 298 K are given in Table 11.3. The critical radius r depends on the product ct J. For the five organic liquids a < awater but v > V Water- The organic surface tensions are about one-third that of water, and their molecular volumes range from 3 to 6 times that of water. The product ai i for ethanol is approximately the same as that of water, and consequently we see that the r values for the two species are virtually identical. Since i involves an additional factor of vi, even though the r values coincide for ethanol and water, the critical numbers i differ appreciably because of the large size of the ethanol molecule.

The five organic bases that play a key role in the mechanism for information storage are adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), cytosine (G), and uracil (U). These bases are mentioned so often in any discussion of nucleic acid chemistry that to save space they are usually referred to only by the first letter of each name. 

Changes to the molecular shape can afford different supramolecular organization properties. Smectic liquid crystals with layer-by-layer structures (Fig. 1.3) can be obtained by effectively breaking the cone-shaped cavity via the replacement of the five feathers with five rod-shaped structures, which reduces the number of phenyl groups on the five organic addends from ten to five (compound 4) [4]. As a result of these changes, the structure formed from the five rod-shaped addends... 

The five organ functions assessed in safety pharmacology are the cardiovascular system, nervous system, respiratory system, gastrointestinal system and renal system. To these we would add general systemic metabolic functions, as these are amenable to collectiOTi of at least some biochemical and physiological data. 

The value Wt = 0.06 is applicable to each of the five organs or tissues in the "remainder" category receiving the highest dose equivalents, and the dose equivalents of all other remaining tissues may be disregarded. The following parts of the GI tract - stomach. 

List the five organizations operated by the DHS s Emergency Preparedness and Response Directorate. 

The combined organic solutions were washed five times with saturated sodium chloride solution and subsequently dried Over magnesium sulfate. After concentration of the extract in a water-pump vacuum the residue was distilled through... 

A solution of 0.10 mol of lithiated methoxyallene in about 70 ml of hexane and 50 ml of THF (see Chapter II, Exp. 15) was cooled to -40°C. Ory, pure acetone (0.12 mol) was added dropwise during 10 min, while keeping the temperature at about -30°. Five minutes after the addition 100 ml of saturated NHi,Cl solution, to which 5 ml of aqueous ammonia had been added (note 1), were run in with vigorous stirring. The product was extracted three times with diethyl ether. The combined organic solutions were dried over potassium carbonate and subsequently... 

A persistent idea is that there is a very small number of flavor quaUties or characteristics, called primaries, each detected by a different kind of receptor site in the sensory organ. It is thought that each of these primary sites can be excited independently but that some chemicals can react with more than one site producing the perception of several flavor quaUties simultaneously (12). Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami quaUties are generally accepted as five of the primaries for taste sucrose, hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride, quinine, and glutamate, respectively, are compounds that have these primary tastes. Sucrose is only sweet, quinine is only bitter, etc saccharin, however, is slightly bitter as well as sweet and its Stevens law exponent is 0.8, between that for purely sweet (1.5) and purely bitter (0.6) compounds (34). There is evidence that all compounds with the same primary taste characteristic have the same psychophysical exponent even though they may have different threshold values (24). The flavor of a complex food can be described as a combination of a smaller number of flavor primaries, each with an associated intensity. A flavor may be described as a vector in which the primaries make up the coordinates of the flavor space. 

In 1993 the five principal producers of organic pigments in the United States were BASF Cotp., Ciba-Geigy Cotp., Hoechst Celanese Cotp., Miles Inc. (Bayer), and Sun Chemical Cotp. 

The FDA s approval and enforcement programs are adrninistered by five centers organized along product lines. Although ah five centers must fohow the general provisions of the Act, each center is governed by its own unique and distinctive set of laws and regulations. The five centers are as fohow. 

This article focuses primarily on the properties of the most extensively studied III—V and II—VI compound semiconductors and is presented in five sections (/) a brief summary of the physical (mechanical and electrical) properties of the 2incblende cubic semiconductors (2) a description of the metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) process. MOCVD is the preferred technology for the commercial growth of most heteroepitaxial semiconductor material (J) the physics and (4) apphcations of electronic and photonic devices and (5) the fabrication process technology in use to create both electronic and photonic devices and circuits. 

Human-made sources cover a wide spectrum of chemical and physical activities and are the major contributors to urban air pollution. Air pollutants in the United States pour out from over 10 million vehicles, the refuse of over 250 million people, the generation of billions of kilowatts of electricity, and the production of innumerable products demanded by eveiyday living. Hundreds of millions of tons of air pollutants are generated annu ly in the United States alone. The five main classes of pollutants are particulates, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and carbon monoxide. Total emissions in the United States are summarized by source categoiy for the year 1993 in Table 25-10. 

In the post-World War II years, synthesis attained a different level of sophistication partly as a result of the confluence of five stimuli (1) the formulation of detailed electronic mechanisms for the fundamental organic reactions, (2) the introduction of conformational analysis of organic structures and transition states based on stereochemical principles, (3) the development of spectroscopic and other physical methods for structural analysis, (4) the use of chromatographic methods of analysis and separation, and (5) the discovery and application of new selective chemical reagents. As a result, the period 1945 to 1960 encompassed the synthesis of such complex molecules as vitamin A (O. Isler, 1949), cortisone (R. Woodward, R. Robinson, 1951), strychnine (R. Woodward, 1954), cedrol (G. Stork, 1955), morphine (M. Gates, 1956), reserpine (R. Woodward, 1956), penicillin V (J. Sheehan, 1957), colchicine (A. Eschenmoser, 1959), and chlorophyll (R. Woodward, 1960) (page 5). ... 

The reaction mixture was stirred for 1.5 hours at about room temperature after the addition of the mandeloyl chloride was completed. Five liters of water were then added to the reaction mixture and the diluted mixture was stirred for about 10 minutes. The organic layer was separated and was washed twice with water. The combined washes are extracted with 1.5 of ethyl acetate and the extract is combined with the washed organic layer, The whole was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated in vacuo on a 25°C water bath to yield 1,460 g of product,7-(D-2-formyloxy-2-phenylacetamido)-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthlomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxyllc acid, as a yellow foam. 

What do orbitals look like There are four different kinds of orbitals, denoted s, p, d, and f] each with a different shape. Of the four, we ll be concerned primarily with s and p orbitals because these are the most common in organic and biological chemistry. The s orbitals are spherical, with the nucleus at their center p orbitals are dumbbell-shaped and four of the five d orbitals are doverleaf-shaped, as shown in Figure 1.3. The fifth d orbital is shaped like an elongated dumbbell with a doughnut around its middle. 

Straight-chain alkanes are named according to the number of carbon atoms they contain, as shown in Table 3.3. With the exception of the first four compounds—methane, ethane, propane, and butane—whose names have historical roots, the alkanes are named based on Greek numbers. The suffix -one is added to the end of each name to indicate that the molecule identified is an alkane. Thus, pentane is the five-carbon alkane, hexeme is the six-carbon alkane, and so on. We ll soon see that these alkane names form the basis for naming all other organic compounds, so at least the first ten should be memorized. 

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