The Editors

The AUGUR information on defect configuration is used to develop the three-dimensional solid model of damaged pipeline weldment by the use of geometry editor. The editor options provide by easy way creation and changing of the solid model. This model is used for fracture analysis by finite element method with appropriate cross-section stress distribution and external loads. 

ChemSketch is a professional software package that is available free of charge from Advanced Chemistry Development Inc. (ACD). Besides the editor, it has several modules (ACD/Dictionary, ACD/Tautomers), extensions, and add-ins concerning the calculation of physicochemical properties, input of spectra and chromatograms, naming of molecules, and a viewer. 

The editor provides two modes for drawing the structure and the draw mode. This distinction is important for differentiating chemical information from conventional drawings. Both modes are switchable and provide an extensive set of features in the menu bar to create chemical structures and reactions, or just drawings. The number of options can be quite confusing for beginners however, one becomes accustomed to them after a short period of vocational adjustment. 

The JME Editor is a Java program which allows one to draw, edit, and display molecules and reactions directly within a web page and may also be used as an application in a stand-alone mode. The editor was originally developed for use in an in-house web-based chemoinformatics system but because of many requests it was released to the public. The JME currently is probably the most popular molecule entry system written in Java. Internet sites that use the JME applet include several structure databases, property prediction services, various chemoinformatics tools (such as for generation of 3D structures or molecular orbital visualization), and interactive sites focused on chemistry education [209]. 

The basic function of the JME Editor is to allow the creation and modification of molecules and reactions directly within a web page. The editor has all the standard chemical drawing and editing capabilities, mduding a rich set of keyboard shortcuts for adding common structural fragments easily (Figure 2-130). 

The JME applet is written in Java 1,0, which is available in all types and versions of web browsers, The size of the program elasses is minimal (about 40 kB), which assures fast loading. In addition, the editor may be used in a stand-alone mode as a Java application within web pages as an applet. Thanks to the independence of the Java platform, JME can run on Windows PCs, Mac/OS machines and practically all UNIX clones, including, of course, LINUX. 

Several chapters in this book are based on articles that appeared in American Laboratory from 1981 to 1988. I wish to acknowledge my coauthors of these papers, F. J. McLafferty, W. Gratzer, and B. P. Angelis. I wish to thank the editors of American Laboratory, especially Brian Howard, for permission to quote extensively from those articles. 

As stated in earlier prefaces, every effort has been made to select the most useful and reliable information and to record it with accuracy. However, the editor s 50 years of... 

Every effort has been made to select the most useful and most reliable information and to record it with accuracy. However, the editor s many years of involvement with handbooks bring a realization of the opportunities for gremlins to exert their inevitable mischief. It is hoped that users of this handbook will offer suggestions of material that might be included in, or even excluded from, future editions and call attention to errors. These communications should be directed to the editor at his home address (or by telephone). 

Table 10 summarizes sales statistics for the principal segments of the iadustry. The data were gathered by a survey conducted annually by the editors of Ceramic Indust iy magaziae. In 1991, the survey scope was changed from U.S. to a worldwide basis (119,124). Tables 11 and 12 present data gathered by U.S. Department of Commerce agencies. 

Most databases secure their information from printed sources. On occasion, however, a subsequent letter to the editor of a pubHcation by a company mentioned in the article will point out an error. Unfortunately, these corrections are not always picked up by the respective databases that entered the initial data. 

FIG. 2-5 Temperatnre-entropy diagram for air. [Landshaum, Dadds, Stevens, et at. Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. J., l(S), 303 (1955). Reproduced hif peimission of the authors and of the editor, Ameiican Institute of Chemical Engineers.]... 

From ammonia, formaldehyde and formic acid. Sommelet and Ferrand, Bull. soc. chim. (4) 35, 446 (1924). (This method has been checked by one of the editors and is highly recommended.)... 

Several new features are inaugurated in the present volume. To the cumulative subject index to the six volumes which have already appeared, a similar author index is now added. In order to bring literature references to methods of preparative value up to date, there has been included an appendix which contains later references to directions published previously in this series. The appendix also contains corrections to some of the earlier preparations. The editors acknowledge their appreciation of the assistance rendered by those who submitted corrections and suggestions, and welcome heartily any comments calculated to improve the series. 

The editors regret that pressure of other work has made it impossible for Dr. Oliver Kamm to continue his valuable services with this series. 

Both common and systematic names of compounds are used throughout this volume, depending on which the Editor-in-Chief felt was more appropriate The Chemical Abstracts indexing name for each title compound, if it differs from the title name, is given as a subtitle Systematic Chemical Abstracts nomenclature, used in both the 9th and 10th Collective Indexes for the title compound and a selection of other compounds mentioned in the procedure, is provided in an appendix at the end of each preparation. Registry numbers, which are useful in computer searching and identification, are also provided in these appendixes. Whenever two names are concurrently in use and one name is the correct Chemical Abstracts name, that name is adopted. For example, both diethyl ether and ethyl ether are normally used. Since ethyl ether is the established Chemical Abstracts name for the 8lh Collective Index, it has been used in this volume The 9th Collective Index name is 1,1 -oxybisethane, which the Editors consider too cumbersome. 

Professor Jeremiah P Freeman, current Secretary to the Board, has carried on the voluminous correspondence with the submitters and the checkers behind the scenes and provided valuable guidance to the Editor-in-Chief. The Chemical Abstracts names and registry numbers in the appendix following each procedure... 

The editors thank all the collaborators in this handbook for their effort as well as Ruhrgas AG and Mannesmannrohren-Werke AG for their generous support in editing the manuscript, and the publishers for their cooperation in shaping and publishing this handbook. 

The editors take the opportunity to thank all the contributors for their efforts Ruhrgas AG and Mannesmann Research Institute GmbH for their kind assistance and last but not least, the publishers Verlag Chemie for their generous help in publishing and designing the handbook. 

The editors of the German edition of the Handbook of Cathodic Corrosion Protection would like to express their cordial thanks to Gulf Publishing Company for their keen interest in the translation of this work. We are sure the English edition will promote a better exchange of experience in the field of corrosion protection, particularly with respect to problems of global safety and environment. 

I am grateful to Vio Buchete, Ron Elber, Stefan Fischer, and the editors for helpful comments. 

I am very pleased to have been given the opportunity to contribute a Foreword to this very useful book. It is a particular pleasure for me to do so because all the editors and fifteen of the authors are alumni of my research group at Harvard, where molecular dynamics simulations of biomolecules originated. 

Here is an additional tip on avoiding water hammer from the editor, Carl Branan. 

We would like to thank Marjan Race for putting forward the original concept, Shaun Wilson of Charles Evans and Associates and Yale Strausser of Surface Science Laboratories for help in further defining the Series, and the Editors of all the individual volumes for their efforts to produce practical, materials user based volumes. 

With 50 articles, organization of the book was difficult certain techniques could equally well have appeared in more than one place. The organizational intent of the Editors was to group techniques that have a similar physical basis, or that provide similar types of information. This is not the traditional organization of an encyclopedia, where articles are ordered alphabetically. Such ordering seemed less useful here, in part because many of the techniques have multiple possible acronyms (an Acronyms Glossary is provided to help the reader). 

We wish to thank all the many contributors for their efforts, and their patience and restraint in dealing with the Editors who took a fairly demanding approach to establishing the format, length, style, and content of the articles. We hope the readers will consider our efforts worthwhile. Finally, we would like to thank Lee Fitzpatrick of Manning Publications Co. for her professional help as Managing Editor. 

The editors are gratefully indebted to all contributors who were ready to redirect time from their research, educational, and private activities in order to contribute to this book. They also wish to thank Mrs Silke Kittel for her tireless help in developing our editorial ideas. 

Other early tabulations of numerical data were the French Tables Annuelles de Constantes et Donnees Numeriques which appeared for some decades after 1920, and the British Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants, masterminded by the National Physical Laboratory and known affectionately as Kaye and Laby after the editors, which appeared annually in single volume form from 1911 to 1966. These last two, like Landolt-Bdrnstein, appeared regularly, in successive editions. 

Information about this splendid compilation came to me from a chemist, Robert Weast (1985), who was editor from 1952 until 1988... 37 years He also informed me that the creation (jointly by the American Chemical Society and the American Institute of Physics) of the Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, which began publication in 1972, was encouraged by the results of a survey which indicated how widely the Rubber Bible was used. Weast describes this journal as a truly outstanding source of critically evaluated data . In saying this, he underlined the crucial role of editors and contributors critical judgment in selecting data for such compilations. David Tide, the editor of the journal, in 1989 succeeded Robert... 

In Russia, after many years of a successful but purely metallurgical journal entitled Fizika Metallov i Metallovedenie (the last word representing knowledge of materials and not, as I had supposed, metallography (Rabkin 2000)), a group of influential materials scientists in 1997 started a journal entitled Materialovedenie, which word I believe to be the best current Russian form of materials science . In spite of the editors best efforts, the journal is finding it difficult to break away from a metallurgical focus. 

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