The Crab

The uptake and retention of technetium from seawater by young lobsters have been demonstrated by Swift [52], The accumulation of 95raTe was rapid and whole body concentration factors of over 2,000 were observed in some lobsters. The kinetics of the uptake and loss of 95mTc were studied in the crab Pachygrapus marmoratus [53]. The steady-state concentration factor was estimated to be 18. 

Development of the LAL assay was based upon the observation that the presence of Gramnegative bacteria in the vascular system of the American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, resulted in the clotting of its blood. Tests on fractionated blood showed that the factor responsible for coagulation resided within the crab s circulating blood cells, i.e. the amoebocytes. Further research revealed that the bacterial agent responsible of initiation of clot formation was endotoxin. 

The prediction in figure 20 shows the recovery of the crab crop already observed in 1977 [64], to increase until 1982 and to remain at high yield until 1988, followed by a decrease. We caution that the absolute phases and amplitudes are to be regarded as inaccurate, because their values depend sensitively on the accuracy of the input data. This may be the reason for the disagreements of the relative phases shown in Table 5 [68]. 

Sather, B.T. 1967. Chromium absorption and metabolism by the crab Podophthalmus vigil. Proc. Int. Symp. Radioecol. Cone. Proc., 1966, Stockholm, Sweden 943-976. 

Tennant, D.A. and W.D. Forster. 1969. Seasonal variation and distribution of 65-Zn, 54-Mn, and 51-Cr in tissues of the crab Cancer magister Dana. Health Phys. 18 649-659. 

Soldier crabs (Mictyris longicarpus) accumulate copper mostly from sediments rather than the water column (Weimin et al. 1994). The fine particles of sediment trapped as food contain bio-available fractions of copper and other metals, and these significantly correlate with metal concentrations in the body of the crab. However, copper accumulations from sediments by soldier crabs... 

Ahsanullah, M. and G.H. Amott. 1978. Acute toxicity of copper, cadmium, and zinc to larvae of the crab Paragrapsus quadridentatus (H. Milne Edwards), and implications for water quality criteria. Aust. Jour. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 29 1-8. 

Fig. 20 shows the crab angle and crab magnitude as a function of SBR latitude for different inclination angles. Once again about 3.77° error can be expected for the crab angle in the worst case. 

The crude extract from Guam specimens inhibits fishes and a mixture of cyclic peptides containing laxaphycin A deters feeding by the fish Scarus schiegeii, the sea urchin Diadema savignyi, and the crab Leptodius sp. (Pennings et al. 1997)... 

From Brazil Extract inhibits the amphipod P. hawaiensis and the crab Pachygrapsus transversus (Pereira et al. 2000b), a diterpenoid inhibits P. hawaiensis (Pereira et al. 2000a). From North Carolina Pachydictyol A and dictyol E act as antifoulants (Schmitt et al. 1995), dictyol B acetate and dictyodial cause larval mortality, abnormal development, and reduced growth in bryozoans and hydioids (Schmitt et al. 1998) extract inhibits the urchin A. punctulata (Bolser and Hay 1996)... 

Crude extract from Brazilian specimens inhibits feeding by the amphipod P. hawaiensis and the crab Pachygrapsus transver-sus (Pereira et al. 2000b)... 

The crude extract and the sesquiterpene elatol from Brazilian specimens inhibit the feeding by the crab P. transversus and the sea urchin L. variegatus (Pereira et al. 2003)... 

Noguchi, T., Konosu, S. and Hashimoto, Y., Short communications identity of the crab toxin with saxitoxin, Toxicon, 7, 4, 325, 1969. 

He looked at me as if he had forgotten I was there, his pupils contracting sharply. In his opinion, I was exceedingly redundant. It was very gruesome, because the crabs and the fish had been busy. But, just between us. Captain di Comin is a very clever man, and he noticed that the gristle of the dead woman s windpipe had been crushed. Some of the remaining flesh around her throat—... 

In 1919 Landmark estimated the distance to the Andromeda galaxy at some 700000 light-years. (Current estimates put it at 2 million light-years.) It was clear that Hartwig s star was a thousand times brighter than any known nova. It was the same Landmark who suggested a connection between the supernova observed by Chinese astronomers in 1054 (the year of the religious schism) and the Crab nebula. 

In tropical to subtropical waters, there live toxic crabs. They contain paralytic shellfish poisons in most cases. One of those toxic crabs, Atergatis lor id us, inhabits also along the Pacific Coast of the Japan Proper. Very recently, it was excavated that the crabs collected from Miura Peninsula near Tokyo possess TTX as the major toxin, along with some paralytic shellfish poisons as the minor (15). The distribution of TTX may be expanded further in the future. 

Plumes in Water Several fine researchers have approached the study of underwater plumes with different objectives. While all this work is undoubtedly instructive, a series of articles [28-32] produced by Webster and Weissberg and their colleagues may apply most directly. They have examined the structure [28] of plumes in controlled experiments and produced photographs of dye plumes to study their development. They also took the point of view of a hungry crab [32], In its attempt to find the food source indicated by the plume, the crab manipulates its sensors within the plume. The structure of the plume makes it necessary. Chapter 5 is devoted to a description of these plumes. 

Lautier J., J.L. Chanal, and A. DeUion (1986). Comparative hydrolipidemic effects of clofibric acid and itanoxone on the metabolism and distribution of lipids in the crab Pachygraspus marmoratus (Decopoda, Brachyura). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C 85 269-274. 

I fondly recall watching the old black-and-white Outer Limits and Chiller Theater shows on Saturday-night TV, which featured such notables as Attack of the Fifty Foot Woman and Attack of the Crab Monsters. (For film buffs. Crab Monsters was made in 1957 for 70,000, and grossed approximately 1 million, making it Roger Corman s most profitable picture of the period.) Oh God I can still remember the scenes in which scientists discover a pair of giant crabs mutated by atomic tests on a remote island. 

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