Tham - Tromethamine

Kiening KL. Schneider GH, Unterherg AE, Lanksch WR. Effect of tromethamine (THAM) on infarct volume following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Acta Neurochir 1997 70 188-190. 

Another option for patients with severe acidemia is tromethamine (THAM). This inert amino alcohol buffers acids and C02 through its amine (—NH2) moiety ... 

DINOPROST TROMETHAMINE (USDA) 583E LUTALYSE PGF2-a THAM PGF2-a TRIS SALT PGF2-a TROMETHAMINE PROSTAGLANDIN F2-a THAM SALT PROSTAGLANDIN F2a TROMETHAMINE... 

Several alkalization agents have been developed as possible alternatives to sodium bicarbonate. These include carbicarb (a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate) and tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane (also called THAM or tromethamine). These agents theoretically produce a lesser increase in plasma carbon dioxide tension and, therefore, less CSF and intracellular acidosis. However, this does not appear to be the case for tromethamine, which resulted in a decrease in CSF pH similar to sodium bicarbonate in healthy horses (Pedrick et al 1998). 

THAM, available as a 0.3 N solution, is a highly alkaline, sodium-free organic amine that acts as a proton acceptor to prevent or correct acidosis. Tromethamine combines with hydrogen ions from carbonic acid to form bicarbonate and a cationic buffer. THAM also acts as an osmotic diuretic to increase urine flow, urine pH, and the excretion of fixed acids, CO2, and electrolytes. At pH 7.4, 30% of THAM is not ionized and therefore may penetrate into cells and neutralize acidic anions of the intracellular fluid. Intracellular pH increases have been noted within 1 hour after the infusion of THAM. There is, however, no chnical or physiologic evidence that this action is beneficial, or that THAM is more efficacious than sodium bicarbonate. " ... 

When THAM is used, it must be administered slowly, with careful monitoring to avoid alkalosis. The usual empiric dosage range for tromethamine is 1 to 5 mmol/kg administered intravenously over 1 hour, but doses up to 1.25 mmol/kg may be given over 5 to 15 minutes in acute situations. The dose of THAM can be individualized using the following equation ... 

Usually companies do not investigate other salt-forming species other than those shown in Table 3.8. However, Gu and Strickley (1987) have described the physical properties of the tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THAM) salts of four analgesic/antiinflammatory agents with sodium salts and free acids. They concluded that the THAM salts had superior hygroscopicity properties compared to the sodium salts and did not show any loss in aqueous solubility or intrinsic dissolution rate. The one exception to this was the THAM salt of naproxen. Ketoralac is now marketed as the tromethamine or THAM salt. 

Precaution Wear eye and face protection, protective gloves and clothing avoid elevated temps. reacts with with copper, aluminum, zinc and their alloys Uses De-emulsifier Trade Names Ethoduomeen OV/13 Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane CAS 77-86-1 25149-07-9 108195-864 EINECS/ELINCS 201-0644 Synonyms 2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol Aminotrimethylol-methane Aminotris(h roxymethyl) methane THAM Tris Trisamine Tris Buffer Tris (hydroxymethyl) methanamine Tris (hydroxymethyl) methylamine 1,1,1-Tris (hydroxymethyl) methylamine Trometamol Tromethamine (INCI)... 

Trimethylolaminomethane. Tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane. Aminotris hydroxymethyl)methane. Tromethamine, US AN. Trometamol, BAN, INN, JAN. Trisamine. Tris buffer. Talatrol. THAM. NSC 6365. Other proprietary names [77-86-1]... 

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