Thailand

Address 1 Siam Cement Rd, Bangsue Bangkok 10800 Thailand 

Phone +66 2586 3330 Fax +66 2587 2199 E-mail crc cementhai.co.th Web site www.cementhai.co.th Stock listing Thailand SE SCC 

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The dissolution of carbonates can create spectacular features like those found in many caves. The process is termed karstification. Some reservoirs are related to Karst. Examples are the Bohai Bay Field in China or the Nang Nuan oil field in the Gulf of Thailand. These reservoirs are characterised by high initial production from the large open pore system. However, since the Karst features are connected downdip to the waterleg this is usually followed by rapid and substantial water breakthrough. ... 

Frank Jahn has worked as a Petroleum Geologist mainly in Brunei, Thailand, the Netherlands and the UK. He has designed and taught multi-disciplinary training courses related to oil and gas field exploration and development worldwide. After 11 years with a multinational company he became co-founder of TRACS International in 1992 where he is a Director. 

Tin is found chiefly in cassiterite (Sn02). Most of the world s supply comes from Malaya, Bolivia, Indonesia, Zaire, Thailand, and Nigeria. The U.S. produces almost none, although occurrences have been found in Alaska and California. Tin is obtained by reducing the ore with coal in a reverberatory furnace. 

Tantalum ores are found in Australia, Brazil, Mozambique, Thailand, Portugal, Nigeria, Zaire, and Canada. 

The major rice-exporting countries are Thailand, United States, Pakistan, EC-12, China, Burma, and AustraHa. 

Chlorine cannot be stored economically or moved long distances. International movements of bulk chlorine are more or less limited to movements between Canada and the United States. In 1987, chlorine moved in the form of derivatives was 3.3 million metric tons or approximately 10% of total consumption (3). Exports of ethylene dichloride, vinyl chloride monomer, poly(vinyl chloride), propylene oxide, and chlorinated solvents comprise the majority of world chlorine movement. Countries or areas with a chlorine surplus exported in the form of derivatives include Western Europe, Bra2il, USA, Saudi Arabia, and Canada. Countries with a chlorine deficit are Taiwan, Korea, Indonesia, Vene2uela, South Africa, Thailand and Japan (3). 

Jute. Jute fiber is obtained from two herbaceous aimual plants, Corchorus capsularis (linden family, TiUaceae) originating from Asia, and C. olitorius originating from Africa. The former has a round seed pod, and the latter a long pod. Jute is grown mainly in India, Bangladesh, Thailand, Nepal, and Bra2il. 

Kenaf and Roselle. These closely related bast fibers are derived from Hibiscus cannibinus and H sabdariffa (mallow family, Malvaceae), respectively. The fibers have other local names. Kenaf is grown for production in the People s Repubflc of China, Egypt, and regions of the former USSR roseUe is produced in India and Thailand. Plantation-grown kenaf is capable of growing from seedlings to 5 m at maturity in five months. It is reported to yield about 6—10 tons of dry matter per acre, nine times the yield of wood (13). 

A cross-sectional view of kenaf is shown in Figure 3d. The ultimate cells are nearly cylindrical with thick cell walls. Kenaf fibers are shorter and coarser than those of jute. Both chemical (kraft) and mechanical pulps have been produced from kenaf, and successful demonstration mns of newsprint have been made for the Dallas Morning Nem, the St. Petersburg Times, and the Bakersfield Californian with a furnish of 82% kenaf chemithermomechanical pulp and 18% softwood kraft pulp. Kenaf fiber is also considered a substitute for jute and used in sacking, rope, twine, bags, and as papermaking pulp in India, Thailand, and the former Yugoslavia. RoseUe bleached pulp is marketed in Thailand. 

Acute toxicoses, as well as potential long-term effects of aflatoxki ingestion, have been extensively reported (93). Autopsy reports have noted a positive correlation between aflatoxki B and victims of Reye s Syndrome ki Thailand (94), but this evidence should only be considered as suggestive and preliminary (95). 

Represents the combined totals of Burma, Egypt, Greece, Indonesia, Italy (from wastes), Japan, the Philippines, Thailand, Turkey, and Zambia. ... 

The proved reserves and levels of production for Japan, Myanmar (formerly Burma), Pakistan, Taiwan, and Thailand are insignificant by world standards. In 1979, the Philippines estabUshed the first commercial production in the small offshore South Nido field. This success came after more than 75 years of wildcat drilling in the Philippines. After several additional discoveries, production rose to 0.3 x 10 m (1.7 x 10 bbl) in 1991. 

The OLEFLEX process uses multiple side-by-side, radial flow, moving-bed reactors connected in series. The heat of reaction is suppHed by preheated feed and interstage heaters. The gas-phase reaction is carried out over a catalyst, platinum supported over alumina, under very near isothermal conditions. The first commercial installation of this technology, having an annual capacity of 100,000 t, was made in 1990 by the National Petrochemical Corporation in Thailand. A second unit, at 245,000 t capacity, has been built in South Korea by the ISU Chemical Company (70). 

Unlike other natural resins, shellac [9000-59-3] is derived from the hardened secretion of the lac insect (species l ccifer (Tachardia) lacca Kerr (family Coccidae), also known as Kerns lacca (Kerr)). Shellac is a refined grade of the cmde lac secretion and is the most widely known lac product. Therefore, shellac has been accepted as the common generic term. Over 50% of the world s supply is produced in the Indian provinces of Bihar and Orissa, with the remainder originating in adjacent areas of southeast Asia such as Sri Lanka, China, Thailand, and Myanmar. 

Natural Rubber. To obtain natural mbber (NR), the Hevea hrasiliensis tree is tapped for its sap. The off-white sap is collected and coagulated. This process produces a high molecular weight substance which is natural mbber. The principal producing countries are Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, India, China, and Sri Lanka (see Rubber, natural). 

Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand are the three main mbber-producing countries in the wodd in 1994 they contributed 73% to the wodd s natural mbber production, which was some 5.7 x 10 t (74). In the eady 1990s the relative consumption of natural mbber has remained faidy constant at 38—39% of total mbber consumption, despite competition from synthetic mbber. 

Fig. 5. Natural mbber production, where (H) represents Malaysia ( ) Indonesia (H) Thailand and ( ) other.

Production and Economic Aspects. Aspirin is produced in the United States by The Dow Chemical Company, Rhc ne-Poulenc, and Norwich (a division of Proctor Gamble). Globally, Rhc ne-Poulenc has additional production faciHties in France and in Thailand. Bayer is self-suppHed from production units in Spain and Turkey over the years many small plants have been estabHshed around the world for regional or country supply. The aspirin market is increasingly globally suppHed. Aspirin is generally considered mature, and only population increases and new uses will affect its production and demand, which is thought to be of the order of 30—35,000 t for total world consumption. The May 1995 price was 8.30/kg (18). 

PPG Industries precipitated United States, China, Netherlands, Taiwan, Thailand 210... 

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