Thailand, pyrethroid resistance

So far, pyrethroid resistance in Heliothis spp. has been documented in six countries (Table I). In Australia there has been a slow but relentless decline in the effectiveness of the pyrethroids despite the early implementation of a resistance management program. In Thailand and Turkey resistance seems to be relatively widespread and has affected cotton production in most areas. In Colombia it seems too early to tell how widespread it is. In the United States, it still seems to be confined to localized areas under... 

However, the attributes that made them attractive also created concern about the evolution of resistance to these compounds. Their effectiveness has resulted in overuse in many areas of the world. In Thailand for example, farmers have been known to apply as many as 20 pyrethroid sprays per season (H.) In... 

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