Textiles knitted fabric

Typical textile fibers have linear densities in the range of 0.33—1.66 tex (3 to 15 den). Fibers in the 0.33—0.66 tex (3—6 den) range are generally used in nonwoven materials as well as in woven and knitted fabrics for use in apparel. Coarser fibers are generally used in carpets, upholstery, and certain industrial textiles. A recent development in fiber technology is the category of microfibers, with linear densities <0.11 tex (1 den) and as low as 0.01 tex. These fibers, when properly spun into yams and subsequendy woven into fabrics, can produce textile fabrics that have excellent drape and softness properties as well as improved color clarity (16). 

Traditional textile fabrics are made by weaving or knitting. Nonwoven fabrics are similar to woven and knitted fabrics in that both are planar, inherently flexible, porous stmctures composed of polymer-based materials. The main difference between the two is the manner in which the fabric is made. 

A second wtinMe-recovery test, AATCC test method no. 128, describes the determination of the appearance of textile fabrics after intentional wrinkling followed by evaluation of appearance in comparison to standard repHcas. A visual rating from 1 (wrinkled) to 5 (smooth) is assigned. This method may be used for both woven and knitted fabrics, whereas the recovery angle method is appHcable only to woven fabrics. 

Experimental proof for the above-described hypothesis was found by taking microscopic photographs of the textile structures in dry and wet conditions using a fluorescent solution. From these images, it could be seen that air bubbles were indeed trapped in the wet structures, but due to the more regular structure of the non-woven fabrics compared with woven and knitted fabrics, much less air was trapped. Confirmation for the dissolution of these bubbles is found by the absence of air when the textile electrodes were immersed for about 3 days in the fluorescent solution. 

Elastomeric fibers can be made out of natural rubber. Rubber latex, which is a suspension of rubber spheres in water, is mixed with a vulcanizing agent, and the mixture is wet spun. The fibers from the spinneret are extruded into a coagulating bath and then vulcanized to produce the cross-linking of chains. Such fibers are used in woven and knitted fabrics, and more often than not they are mixed with other textile fibers to form fabrics for garments. Most natural rubber fibers, however, have been supplanted by synthetic elastomeric fibers, especially in the area of athletic wear. This is attributable to the poor dyeability, abrasion resis-... 

Usable for all kind of fibres and all textile forms, as yarn, woven or knit fabric, garment, nonwovens... 

Shrinkage control and fabric smoothness with little, if any, effect on shade are very desirable properties for textile uses where very sensitive dyestuffs are needed to produce the desired shade. PERMAFRESH 125 can provide this with many direct and reactive dyestuffs. PERMAFRESH 125 is self-catalyzed with a specially selected system. Although designed primarily for knit fabrics it can be used on cellulose containing woven fabrics. 

Table 3 gives the main characteristics for treated wastewater of types I—IV. When purified in the treatment, types II anil III have been used — by way of textile experiments on commercial scale — in dyeing and printing polyester knits and in afterprint clearing of the knits. When inspected in quality, the dyed and printed knitted fabrics have been found comparable to those processed with standard technological water. 

In the past it has been and still is common practice to use mainly winches or jet machines for preparatory of both woven and knitted fabrics in tubular form. Starting with the winch beck, machineries for pre-treatment processes have passed through several stages of development (jig, beam, jet, overflow), some paralleled in washing machines. The current trends towards smaller series have led to a comeback of the conventional systems using jigger machines (Fig. 7-5) for textile processing. 

Venkataraman A and Walunj V E, Defects in knitted fabrics . The Indian Textile Journal, 1999,110, 122-126. 

Wang Y, Feng X and Sivakumar M, Improving sewability of PP knitted fabric . The Indian Textile Journal, 1998,109, 86-88. 

Warp Knit Fabric Manufacturers Group, National Federation of Textiles, Inc., 389 Fifth Ave., New York 16, N.. Y. G. V. P. Marks, chairman. 

Murugesh, K., Selvadass, M., 2013. Life cycle assessment for the dyeing and finishing process of organic cotton knitted fabrics. Journal of Textile and Apparel, Technology and Management 8 (2), 7. 

The available forms of reinforcement follow terminology and technology borrowed from the textile industry. The basic forms described throughout this chapter and other chapters for glass and other fibers including hybrid mixtures are summarized in this chapter. They are continuous filament, woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, knitted fabrics, braids, and tapes. 

Woven fabrics (Fig. 2.4) are used in various fields. When compared with knitted fabrics, they show only a low degree of elongation in both directions. High-tech textiles for buildtech are mainly produced in combination with high strength and high modulus fibres. There is a demand for the development of lighter materials with optimised functions. 

The technologies to imitate the silk woven and knitted fabrics have not been limited not only to merely match the hands, but to draw out broader characteristics, and then independently stepped forward. As a result of it, the textile materials able to express beauties of silhouettes for feminines, have been created, and they are presumably well known as the fabrics beyond genuine natural materials. 

Hatch KL, Woo SS, Barker RL, Radhakrishnaiah P, Markee NL, Maibach HI. In vivo cutaneous and perceived comfort response to fabric. Part I thermophysiological comfort determinations for three experimental knit fabrics. Textil Res J 1990 60 405-12. 

Examples of stab resistant body armour are often quite different in constractional character. For example, some comprise a matrix of overlapping metal or composite plates located between fabric layers (based on para-aramid or UHMW polyethylene), others are based on more flexible aramid woven textiles which have been coated with silicon carbide particles to blunt the knife point and others incorporate fine tungsten wire within a knitted fabric matrix. Copying the ancient chain mail concept, similar fine mail constructed from stainless steel or titanium wire may be included as a layer. Obviously the overall weight and thickness of the resulting armour is of crucial importance for the comfort of the wearer but this will be determined largely by the magnitude of the threat. 

Textile materials can be produced by a whole series of processes, for example, by weaving, knitting, or by fleece formation. Knitted fabrics have stronger elasticity than weaves and this was first used in the manufacture of wool jerseys and later found extensive application in what are known as double knits from polyester yarns. Fibers and filaments can also be made more elastic by a whole series of mechanical procedures such as, for example, crimping or giving a false twist to the yarn. 

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