Textile production stages

Energy types used in textile production stages... 

Cost of energy consumption shares of a man-made fiber-based textile production stages are shown for the Indian textile industry in Figure 2.6. 

In addition to the references provided in Tables 1.1—1.3, the text below provides a brief description of each production stage and key publications that will assist the reader interested in calculating carbon footprints of textile products and... 

Table 2.5 Life cycle stages in the footprint assessment of a textile product in the UK...

Reduce, reuse, recycle, up-cycle, and efficiency terms are already placed into the textile and energy hterature, textile production and apphcations stages, and textile-using lifetime by consumers and even recycling stages. 

A comprehensive quantification of these aspects was completed in May 2006 by the European Commission s Joint Research Centre (JRC) and included the Environmental Impact of Products (EIPRO) study (Beton et al., 2011), where the potential environmental impacts of textile products consumed in the EU-27 have been estimated along with their life cycle stages and compared considering indicators identified in the ReCiPe method (Goedkoop et aL, 2008) (Figure 8.1), also broken down by product and fibre types. 

Every stage in the hfe of a textile product can have some social and environmental impacts, and what seems positive at some point of the supply chain may have negative consequences at its later stages for example, bamboo is a natural renewable material used to produce rayon, but its processing into rayon is a chemically intensive process (Gill, 2012). 

The Oeko-Tex Association has proposed a modular system of certification. A product certification process according to OEKO-TEX Standard 100 has a modular structure textile products can be tested and certified at any production stage (including the manufacturing of accessories). Certificates can be issued for ... 

Because of their rapid wetting ability, alkane sulfonates are used in many production stages in the textile industry. They are also useful in the pulp and paper industries as well as in many industrial and institutional cleaning processes. 

Fibers and filaments for textiles and many technical purposes are first spun to yarn and then converted to textile materials by weaving, knitting, or crocheting. The production rate for such textiles is not very high (Table 38-5), and, so, early attempts were made to eliminate some of the intermediate stages of textile production and to go directly from fibers or filaments to sheet structures. Such structures are produced with significantly higher production rates. These structures are more similar to paper than to textiles, but differ... 

Optimization of performance characteristics of textile products and processes is often the final stage in the engineering design where the results of experimental and theoretical modeUmg are combined in order to achieve the best possible combination of properties. In many cases this also includes consideration of economic and logistic aspects. It can be seen from the sections above that the process-structure-property system is governed by complex multi-factor relationships. In these conditions, the optimization problem can be formulated as a problem of finding a combination of independent factors X (optimal point) that provide an extremum... 

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