Texaco liquids

The Texaco, Polymer Cracking, VEBA and BASF processes all produce mainly liquid organics or gases that replace primary oil- or gas-based resources. However, it has to be acknowledged that both BASF and VEBA have been closed down or will be closed down shortly, and that the other two processes have not yet been realised on a large scale. 

Alkad A process for improving the safety of alkylation processes using hydrofluoric acid as the catalyst. A proprietary additive curtails the emission of the acid aerosol that forms in the event of a leak. Based on observation of G. Olah in the early 1990s that liquid polyhydrogen fluoride complexes (of amines such as pyridine) depress the vapor pressure of HF above alkylation mixtures. Developed by UOP and Texaco and operated at Texaco s refinery at El Dorado, TX, since 1994. A competing process is ReVAP, developed by Phillips and Mobil. 

The Texaco gasification process (TGP) is a patented ex situ commercial technology for the treatment of hazardous and nonhazardous liquid or solid waste. The high-temperature, high-pressure. 

Butanol is produced commercially by the indirect hydration of -butenes. However, current trends are towards the employment of inexpensive Raffinate II type feedstocks, ie, C-4 refinery streams containing predominandy -butenes and saturated C-4s after removal of butadiene and isobutylene. In the traditional indirect hydration process, -butenes are esterified with liquid sulfuric acid and the intermediate butyl sulfate esters hydrolyzed. DEA Mineraloel (formerly Deutsche Texaco) currendy operates a 2-butanol plant employing a direct hydration of -butenes route (18) with their own proprietary catalyst. 

ER E has studied these alternatives for the utilization of coal liquefaction bottoms in the production of hydrogen and fuel gas and in doing so has had discussions of partial oxidation with Texaco and Shell. These studies have identified a potentially attractive processing sequence utilizing FLEXICOKING to produce additional liquids and plant fuel, and partial oxidation to produce hydrogen. 

Figure 116. Ammonia production based on heavy fuel oil (l.inde flow scheme with Texaco gasification) a) Air separation unit h) Soot extraction c) C02 absorption d) Methanol/H,() distillation e) Stripper f) Mol regenerator g) Refrigerant h) Dryer i) liquid N2 scrubber j) Syngas compressor k) Nil, reactor Material Balance...

The Texaco Gasification Process (TGP) was developed in the late 1940s using natural gas as feedstock. The process was commercialized with gas feed in 1950 and later with liquid feed in 1956. During the oil shortage period, Texaco successfully developed its coal gasification process. 

Gardner et al. reported that H2S catalytic partial oxidation technology with an AC catalyst is a promising method for the removal of H2S from fuel cell hydrocarbon feedstocks.206 Three different fuel cell feedstocks were considered for analysis sour natural gas, sour effluent from a liquid middle distillate fuel processor, and a Texaco 02-blown coal-derived synthesis gas. Their experimental results indicate that H2S concentration can be removed down to the part per million level in these plants. Additionally, a power-law rate expression was developed and reaction kinetics compared with prior literature. The activation energy for this reaction was determined to be 34.4 kJ/g mol with the reaction being first order in H2S and 0.3 order in 02. 

In life mixed phase, the Deutsche Texaco process uses an acidic ion exchange resin and operates between 130 and 150°C and 6 and 10.106 Pa absolute (Fig. 9.4). The liquid feed and recovery propylene is added to a first preheated fraction of recycled deionized water, of which the proportion must be very high (water/propyiene molar ratio 115 to 15), to prevent the development of polymerization side reactions. The mixture thus obtained is introduced in the supercritical state at the top of a reactor with fixed catalyst beds, between which the remaining deionized water is injected at a lower temperature, in order to absorb the beat liberated by the conversion and to control tbe temperature. 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) 4-Oxaheptane-2,6-diol AI3-01233 Bis(2-hydroxypropyl) ethen BRN 1698372 2,2 -Dihydroxydipropyl ether 1,1 -Dimethyldiethylene glycol EINECS 203-821-4 HSDB 2854 NIAX catalyst D-19 NSC 8688 1,1 -Oxybis-2-propanol 1,1 -Oxydipropan-2-ol 2-Prop-anol, 1,1 -oxydi- 2-Propanol, 1,1 -oxybis-. Used as a solvent In polyester and alkyd resins, reinforced plastics, plastics, plasticizers and solvents. Liquid bp = 233 d = 1.023 soluble in H2O, organic solvents irritant mildly toxic by ingestion. Allchem Ind. Arco AsNand Berje Broun Chem. Co. Coyne Great Western Olin Corp PMC Sigma-Aldrich Fine Chem. Texaco. 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) Acetic acid, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester Acetic acid, tert-butyl ester BRN 1599506 t-Butyl acetate tert-Butyl acetate tert-Butyl ethanoate EINECS 208-760-7 HSDB 835 NSC 59719 Texaco lead appreciator TLA UN1123, Used as a gasoline additive. Liquid bp = 95,1° =... 

CCRIS 6690 1,4-Dimethylpipera2ine EINECS 203-412-0 Lupelazine N.N -Dimethylpiperazine NSC 41177 Piperazine, 1,4-dimethyl- Texacat DMP. Catalyst for polyurethane molded high resilience flexible foam, ester slabstock. Liquid bp = 131" d " = 0,8600 very soluble in H2O, EtOH, Et20, Texaco. 

Dinonyl phenol Dinonylphenol EINECS 216-356-4 NSC 2431 Phenol, dinonyl-. Mixture of dialkyl substituted phenols used as a solvent. Colorless liquid insoluble in H2O soluble in organic solvents. Allchem Ind. Texaco. 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) AI3-24288 BRN 0102969 CCRIS 4818 EINECS 202-885-0 N-Ethylmorfolin Ethylmorpholine 4-Ethylmorpholine N-Ethylmorpholine HSDB 1644 Morpholine, 4-ethyl- NEM NSC 6110 Texacat NEM Toyoca -NEM. Catalyst for PU molded flexible, semirigid, and rigid applications. Amine-based catalyst for flexible slabstock PU foam. Liquid mp = -63° bp = 138.5° d = 0.9050 freely soluble in H2O, EtOH, Et20, soluble in Me2CO, CeHe LDso (rat orl) = 1780 mg/kg. Texaco Tosoh. 

AI3-28784 Dipropyimethane EINECS 205-563-8 Eptani Exxsol Heptane Gettysolve-C Heptan Heptane n-Heptane Heptanen Heptyl hydride HSDB 90 NSC 62784 Skellysolve C UN1206. Hydrocarbon derived ohiefly from petroleum. Used as a solvent. Liquid mp = -90.6° bp = 98.5° d = 0.6837 insoluble in H2O, soluble in CCU very soluble in EtOH freely soluble in Et20, Me2CO, CeHe, CHCI3, petroleum ether. Ashland Exxon Humphrey Phillips 66 Texaco. 

AI3-24263 CCRIS 6247 Dipropyl EINECS 203-777-6 Esani Exxso Hexane Gettysolve-B Heksan Hexane n-Hexane Hexyl hydride HSDB 91 NCI-C60571 NSC 68472 Skellysolve B UN1206 Used as a solvent, alcohol denaturant, paint diluent, polymerization reaction medium filling for thermometers. Liquid mp n -96,3" bp 68.7" d = 0,6548 insoluble in water soluble in Et20, CHCI3, very soluble in EtOH LDso (rat orl) = 32 mg/kg. Ashland BP Chem. Exxon Humphrey Mitsui Petroleum Phiilips 66 Texaco. 

AI3-28403 Caprylene 1-Caprylene EINECS 203-893-7 HSDB 1084 Octene Octene-1 a-Octene 1-Octene Octylene 1-Octylene n-1-Octene NSC 8457. Intermediate for surfactants and specialty industrial chemicals. Liquid mp = -101.7° bp = 121.2°. 0 = 0.7149 insoluble in H2O. slightly soluble in CQ4, soluble in Et20. MezCO. CeHe, very soluble in CHCI3. Air Products Chemicals Inc. Chevron Ethicon Inc. Shell Sigma-Aldrich Fine Chem. Texaco. 

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