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Tetraploids

In diploid eukaryotic organisms such as humans, after cells progress through the S phase they contain a tetraploid content of DNA. This is in the form of sister chromatids of chromosome pairs. Each of these sister... [Pg.325]

L. corniculatus in southern England, and demonstrated that presence of cyanogenic glycosides is dominant over their absence. Further work on inheritance of cyano-genesis in this species was complicated by the fact that this clover is a tetraploid. Work with other species led to more definitive results, however. [Pg.26]

One final note on this topic involves an examination of diploid, triploid, and tetraploid plants for their leaf exudate hydrocarbons (Seigler et al., 1975). -Alkanes having odd numbered chains from to were recorded for almost all plants collected from several sites with much more limited distribution of hydrocarbons based on and C g. The hydrocarbon data do not assist in distinguishing groups within this species. [Pg.110]

Reynolds, T. 1986. Contribution to the phytochemistry of the East African tetraploid shrubby aloes and their diploid aUies. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 92 383-392. [Pg.326]

Smith, D. M. and Mabry, T. J. 1975. n-Alkanes from diploid, triploid and tetraploid... [Pg.328]

Gautier Returning to the nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, in a situation where you don t block any event in the cell cycle, such as experiments in frogs where a mosaic is made between the diploid and tetraploid tissue, the tetraploid cells are twice as large. There is some regulation here the amount of DNA is somehow influencing the size of the cell. [Pg.37]

Newport In terms of physical limits, we tend to think of DNA, but on the other hand there is RNA degradation and protein turnover. This is how an egg is made. Even though it is only a tetraploid organism, RNA degradation is slowed down significantly, so less DNA is needed. The other physical limitation is the surface area volume relationship. How many receptors or growth factors can be inserted into a membrane ... [Pg.38]

Goldstein, P. and Triantaphyllou, A.C. (1979) Karyotype analysis of the plant-parasitic nematode Heteroderaglycinesby electron microscopy. II. The tetraploid and an aneuploid hybrid. Journal of Cell Science 43, 225. [Pg.58]

Two groups demonstrated that BRCA-1- and BRCA-2-deficient cells are acutely sensitive to PARPi [11,12]. Potent inhibitors like KU0058684 (5), KU0058948 (6), and AG14361 (26) were cytotoxic at nanomolar concentrations in HR-defective cells, and displayed excellent selectivity for BRCA-1- and BRCA-2-deficient cells over wild-type cells. After 24 h of exposure, 5 elicited G2 or M phase cell cycle arrest and a tetraploid DNA content. The applicability of this discovery was revealed when BRCA-2-deficient and BRCA-2-proficient cells were injected into mice and tumors were allowed to develop. Daily treatment with 5 or 26 had no effect on the BRCA-2 wild-type cells however, when BRCA-2-deficient cells were treated with PARPi, no tumors developed. [Pg.231]

Marked disturbances in the distribution of ploidy (diploid and tetraploid nuclei) have been observed in the livers of male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a dietary concentration of 100 ppm mirex (equivalent to 5 mg/kg/day) for 13 months (Abraham et al. 1983). Mirex selectively reduced the number of tetraploids with the most significant reduction noted in hepatocellular carcinomas however, nuclei in the areas adjacent to these tumors were also primarily composed of diploids. These data should be interpreted with caution since isolation of nuclei from tumors is difficult and because "of the fantastic variety of forms that tumor nuclei assume" (Smuckler et al. 1976). Similarly, the relevance to humans is not clear since human liver is mainly composed of diploid cells (99%) and contains few tetraploids (Adler et al. 1981). [Pg.98]

The ability of some fluorescent dyes to bind DNA quantitatively is exploited in flow cytometry to determine the DNA content of a cell. Dyes such as propidium iodide that bind double-stranded DNA stoichiometrically can be used for the purpose. The intensity of red fluorescence is directly related to the amount of DNA bound by propidium iodide. By comparing the fluorescence intensity of the test specimen and, in turn, its DNA content to the fluorescence intensity of specimens containing normal diploid amounts of DNA, a DNA histogram can be generated. By computing a DNA index, which is the ratio of DNA content of a test specimen to the DNA content of a specimen containing a normal diploid population, information related to the presence of an aneuploid tumor population can be obtained. The DNA index of 1 would imply that the DNA in the test specimen is from a normal diploid population (2N DNA), whereas the DNA index of an aneuploid population will be greater or less than 1. Thus, the DNA index of a tetraploid (4N DNA) would be 2. [Pg.25]

Tetraploid (92 chromosomes) very rare lethal condition... [Pg.312]

Cell sort populations according to cell cycle profile. Isolate diploid populations from diploid Gl and tetraploid populations from tetraploid G2 (see Note 2). [Pg.100]


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