Tetrahy-drocannabinol

Valjent, E., Pages, C., Rogard, M., Besson, M.J., Maldonado, R., and Caboche, J., Delta 9-tetrahy-drocannabinol-induced MAPK/ERK and Elk-1 activation in vivo depends on dopaminergic transmission, Eur. J. Neurosci., 14, 342, 2001. 

Noyes R, Brunk SF, Baram DA and Canter AC (1975a). Analgesic effect of delta-9-tetrahy-drocannabinol. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 15, 139-143. 

Golub MS, Sassenrath EN, Chapman LE (1981) Mother-infant interaction in rhesus monkeys treated clinically with delta-9-tetrahy-drocannabinol. Child Dev 52 389-392... 

CS061 Sallan, S. E., N. E. Zinberg and E. Frei. Antiemetic effect of delta-9-tetrahy-drocannabinol in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 1975 293 795-797. 

Heitrich, A. and M. Binder. Identification of (3R,4R)-delta-l-(6)-tetrahy-drocannabinol as an isolation artifact CS198 of cannabinoid acids formed by callus cultures of Cannabis sativa L. Experientia 1982 38 898-899. 

Massi. Memory impairment following CS380 combined exposure to delta(9) tetrahy drocannabinol and ethanol in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2002 449(3) 245-252. 

The large instability of A -tetrahydrocannabinol in acid solution (16,18), implies that the drug may be significantly degraded in the normal stomach. Again, this intimates that oral administration may not be an optimum route on which to establish dose-response correlations. Furthermore, the choice of a cannabinoid as an internal standard is very critical since it must not give any interference with the other related compounds, unless a HPLC purification step is included in the procedure. Cannabinol which, at times, has been taken as a possible metabolite (19-21) of A9-tetrahy-drocannabinol, may only be an artifact of the analytical procedure since disproportionation of 1 occurs readily. 

The primary active component of cannabis is A9-tetrahy-drocannabinol (THC), which is responsible for the greater part of the pharmacological effects of the cannabis complex. A8-THC is also active. However, the cannabis plant contains more than 400 chemicals, of which some 60 are chemically related to A9-THC, and it is evident that the exact proportions in which these are present can vary considerably, depending on the way in which the material has been harvested and prepared. In man, A9-THC is rapidly converted to 11-hydroxy-A9-THC (5), a metabolite that is active in the central nervous system. A specific receptor for the cannabinols has been identified it is a member of the G-protein-linked family of receptors (6). The cannabinoid receptor is linked to the inhibitory G-protein, which is linked to adenyl cyclase in an inhibitory fashion (7). The cannabinoid receptor is found in highest concentrations in the basal ganglia, the hippocampus, and the cerebellum, with lower concentrations in the cerebral cortex. 

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial the effect of the synthetic delta-9-tetrahy-drocannabinol dronabinol on central neuropathic pain was evaluated in 24 patients with multiple sclerosis (58). Oral dronabinol reduced central pain. Adverse events were reported by 96% of the patients compared with 46% during placebo treatment. They were more common during the first week of treatment. The most common adverse events during dronabinol treatment were dizziness (58%), tiredness (42%), headache (25%), myalgia (25%), and muscle weakness (13%). There was increased tolerance to the adverse effects over the course of treatment and with dosage adjustments. 

Kaymakcalan S, Ayhan IH, Tulunay FC. Naloxone-induced or postwithdrawal abstinence signs in A9-tetrahy-drocannabinol-tolerant rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1977 55(3) 243-9. 

Fischer-Stenger K, Updegrove AW, Cabral GA (1992) A -tetrahy-drocannabinol decreases cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity to herpes simplex virus typel-infected cells. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 200 422 30. 

May, P. The Chemistry of Synthetic Drugs Longmans, Green and Co. 1921 Mechoulam, R. Breuer, A. Devane, W. Burstein, S.H. Certain Tetrahy-drocannabinol-7-oic Acid Derivatives 1996 US 5,538,993... 

Jakubovic, A., Hattori, T., and McGeer, RL. (1973) Radioactivity in suckled rats after giving 14 C-tetrahy-drocannabinol to the mother. Eur J Pharmacol, 22 221-3. 

Vardaris, R.M., Weisz, D.J., Fazel, A., and Rawitch, A.B. (1976) Chronic administration of delta-9-tetrahy-drocannabinol to pregnant rats studies of pup behavior and placental transfer. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 4 249-54. 

Bonnin A, Ramos JA, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Cebeira M, Fernandez-Ruiz JJ. Acute effects of A -tetrahy-drocannabinol on tuberoinfundibular dopamine activity, anterior pituitary sensitivity to dopamine and prolactin release vary as a function of estrous cycle. Neuroendocrinology 58, 280-286 (1993). 

Vidrio, H., Sanchez-Salvatori, M.A., and Medina, M. (1996). Cardiovascular effects of (-)-l l-0//-A -tetrahy-drocannabinol-dimethylheptyl in rats. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 28 332-336. 

---