Tertiary amine definition

Atropine, a tertiary amine, competitively antagonizes acetylcholine activity. Full therapeutic doses of atropine produce definite and prolonged inhibitory effects on the motor activity of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon, characterized by a decrease in tone and in amplitude and frequency of peristaltic contractions. 

It is not possible to propose a general mechanism from these studies, for results do not correspond to a definite pattern. Although, in all the systems, secondary amines are the most effective inhibitors, the role played by tertiary amines is confusing. In several systems (Table I, No. 1, 2, and 3) tertiary amines are much more effective than primary amines, but in others they appear to have little or no effect. Again, in acetaldehyde oxidation (Table I, No. 1 and 2) there is generally a linear relationship between the amount of inhibitor added and the induction period before either slow oxidation or ignition of the fuel occurs. In other systems (Table I, No. 3, 4, and 5), however, a much more complex relationship is obtained. Thus, amines may be acting by different mechanisms in different systems. 

The mixture of ester and amine plus amide and alcohol products obtained from the imidate ion 54 (R=CHg ) and 55 (R=CgH-]i ) can also be explained. These ions could exist in the anti form only. However, this would be surprising on the basis of the steric argument discussed previously. Also, the results obtained from the carbonyl-oxygen exchange in tertiary amides definitely show that conformational change can easily compete with the breakdown at room temperature only when R=H in tertiary amide (RCONRj1). Thus,... 

Primary amines may be readily distinguished from secondary and tertiary analogues by the presence of two absorption bands in the infrared spectrum between 3320 and 3500 cm-1 (symmetric and antisymmetric NH str.). Secondary amines exhibit a single absorption band at about 3350 cm-1 (NH str.). In both cases deformation modes for the NH bond appear at about 1600 cm-1. There is no satisfactory absorption to allow a definitive characterisation in the case of tertiary amines. In the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of primary and secondary amines, the nitrogen-bound hydrogens are recognisable by their replaceability on the addition of deuterium oxide. 

Nonionic surfactants are amphiphilic compounds the lyophilic (in particular hydrophilic) part of which does not dissociate into ions and hence has no charge. However, there are nonionics, for example such as tertiary amine oxides, which are able to acquire a charge depending on the pH value. Even polyethers, such as polyethylene oxides, are protonated under acidic conditions and exist in cationic form. Long-chain carboxylic acids are nonionic under neutral and acidic conditions whereas they are anionics under basic conditions. So, the more accurate definition is as follows nonionics are surfactants that have no charge in the predominant working range of pH. The main part of nonionics can be classified into alcohols, polyethers, esters, or their combinations. 

Classical hallucinogens are agents that meet the Hollister definition (2) and, in addition, bind at 5-HT2 serotonin receptors and are recognized by DOM-trained animals in tests of stimulus generalization (5). The classical hallucinogens all possess the general structure Ar-C-C-N, where Ar is a substituted phenyl, 3-indolyl, or substituted 3-indolyl moiety C-C is an ethyl or branched ethyl chain and N is a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine. This will be further discussed. (See Chapter 14 for additional information on serotonin receptors.)... 

Classification Tertiary amine salt Formula R-N(CH2CH20H)2 HCI, where R rep. alkyl groups derived from tallow Uses Surfactant in cosmetics Dihydroxyethyl tallowamine oleate CAS 68439-43-0 EINECS/ELINCS 270-404-1 Synonyms 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, compd. with N-tallow alkyl-2,2 - iminobis [ethanol] Definition Salt of dihydroxyethyl tallow amine and oleic acid Formula ... 

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds are prepared by mixing one part of the halogen compound with approximately the theoretical proportion of a tertiary amine, such as dimethylaiiiline, pyridine, quinoline, trimethylamine, etc. The particular tertiary amine chosen should be one yielding a derivative with a convenient melting-point. Occasionally the j)latinic chloride derivative of the quaternary compound will be found to posses a definite melting-point. 

The presence of a substituent in the 3-position of the NCA precludes equilibrium (6) and hence prevents the occurrence of reaction (18). It follows that, on the basis of the mechanisms described above, such NCA s should not polymerize unless a protic base (for example a primary or secondary amine) or other source of protons (for example, 3-methyl hydantoin) is present. If it could be established that polymerization does proceed with an aprotic base in aprotic media then some other mechanism of polymerization must be operative. This matter has been of central importance in discussions of various mechanisms of polymerization which have been advanced (Section 3). Experimentelly, it is not easy to obtain definitive evidence because of the high sensitivity of NCA s to protonic impurities (such as water and alcohols) in the presence of bases. It has been shown [18, 19, 38a] that proline NCA (X) and sarcosine NCA (I Ri = R2 = H, R3 = CH3) do not polymerize in the presence of tertiary bases under strictly aprotic conditions. With alkoxides, realization of such conditions is difficult, but it would appear that, at least with proline NCA, such strong bases can bring about ionization of the methine hydrogen and hence initiate polymerization as shown in (26). Evidence for this mechanism is provided by the observation that while sodium methoxide enriched... 

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